Question 1 what would be the appropriate statistical

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Question 1. What would be the appropriate statistical procedure to test the following hypothesis:  "Triglyceride values are a good predictor of weight in obese adults."

Question 2. What is (are) the function(s) of parametric statistical procedures?

Procedures which may be used to test hypothesis and to estimate a population

Question 3. What is Type I Error?

Question 4. What are the assumptions underlying the use of parametric, statistical procedures?

Normal Distribution                                        

Homoskedascity (variants in the population sample size

Level of data, must have interval or ratio data

Reasonably large sample, Resonable N

Question 5. If a critical value is greater than the test statistic, would you accept or reject the null hypothesis?

Question 6. Under what circumstance(s) is it appropriate to use a 2-tailed test of significance?

Question 7. What is the appropriate statistical procedure to use when your interest is in detecting a bivariate, curvilinear association?

Question 8. For a study comparing outcomes under alternate treatment conditions, when the null hypothesis is rejected, the researcher concludes that a difference among groups exists.

Question 9. A researcher, for reasons passing understanding, wishes to assess the association between gender and total cholesterol values.  What would be the appropriate statistical procedure?

Question 10. An HIV educator wishes to determine whether the method of delivering teaching influences adherence with antiretroviral therapy.  She decides to measure adherence as viral load (a ratio measure).  She teaches one group using lecture-discussion techniques.  She adapts the information for access on the internet and gives another group the information using this medium.  For yet another group, she decides to give a CD Rom for home study and then meets with individuals to answer any questions.  She obtains viral loads for all clients for comparison.  What procedure will determine the significance of any differences?

Items 11-15 relate to the following study results:

                        Study A                      Study B                       Study C

                        c2 = 1.683                   F = 7.357                     r = .83

                        df = 4                          df = 3/203                   df = 98

                        p > .05                         p < .05                         p < .01

 

Question 11. What statistical procedure was used to analyze data in study B?

Question 12. How many groups were compared in study B?

Question 13. How many subjects were enrolled in Study C?

Question 14. Which study demonstrated the greatest level of statistical significance?

Question 15. In which study is the likelihood of Type I error greatest?

Items 16, 17 and 18 relate to the following:

In a regression analysis, a nurse researcher found a correlation of .82 between pain relief scores and satisfaction with nursing care.  She also calculated the following for her regression analysis:

            Pain Relief (x):            Mean = 58       sd = 3.9

            Satisfaction (y):           Mean = 42       sd = 4.4

            slope =                         1.56

            y intercept =                - 3.53

Question 16. What will be the predicted satisfaction score (expressed as a point estimate) for a patient with a pain relief score of 62?

Question 17. What is the standard error of estimate when predicting satisfaction from knowledge of pain relief score?

Question 18. What would be the interval estimate for satisfaction for the patient in problem 16?

Items 19-21: A nurse researcher is investigating the effect of timing of standard pain control interventions on severity of pain in adolescents with sickle-cell disease.  She establishes three treatment protocols:  1) initiation of pain control immediately upon the presence of prodromal sign (an "aura" signaling the imminent onset of pain); 2) initiation of pain control one hour after the onset of pain; and 3) initiation of pain control only at the points where non-steroidal anti-inflammatories and guided imagery are no longer effective in keeping pain bearable.  She conducted a one-way ANOVA to analyze her data and the following table summarizes her findings:

            Source             df                    SS                    MSS                F                      p         

            Among            2                      75536.2           37768.1           5.159               <.05

            Within             27                   197660.3            7320.8                                              

            Total                29                    273196.5        

On the basis of these data alone, she drew the following conclusions.  For each conclusion, indicate whether you feel the conclusion is justified or unjustified.

Question 19. Severity of pain is influenced by the timing of pain interventions in sickle-cell crises.

Question 20 Immediate intervention is better than either slightly delayed intervention or initiation at crisis stage.

Question 21. She has more than 99% confidence in her conclusion that severity of pain is influenced by timing.

Items 22-23 relate to the following study results:

            Study A                      Study B

            r = .64                          r = .77

            df = 18                         df = 121

            p<.05                           p<.01

Question 22. In using the data from study A to make predictions, what percent of the time would you expect predictions to be exactly correct?

Question 23. Which study would have the smallest margin of error in predicting one variable from knowledge of the other?

Items 24 and 25 relate to the following SPSS output.  A researcher is interested in characteristics of HIV+ and HIV- adolescents interviewed 166 young adults about their experiences during adolescence.  He wished to know, among other things, if there were significant differences in the ages at which HIV+ and HIV- young adults became sexually active.  The following is the printout of this analysis:

_______________________________________________________________________

HIV Status                              N         Mean               sd                    Stnd. Error                 

Age at             Positive           57        13.2                 2.96576           .39282

first sexual

experience       Negative          109      15.1                 2.57286           .24644

________________________________________________________________________

Independent Samples Test

________________________________________________________________________

                                                                        Levene's Test for

                                                                        Equality of Variances

                                                                        F                      Sig      

Age at             Equal variance assumed          1.313               .254

first sexual

experience       Equal variance not assumed

                                                                                                                                               

 

                                                                                                                                               

                                                            t-test for Equality of Means

                                                                                                                                               

                                                                        t           df        sig.       mean difference         

Age at             Equal variance assumed          -2.870  164      .005                 -1.9

first sexual

experience       Equal variance not assumed    -2.745  99.66   .007                 -1.9

                                                                                                                                               

Question 24. Were there significant differences between the groups.  Give the relevant stastical data to support your answer

Question 25. What is the confidence interval associated with your answer to item # 24?

Each of the questions on the following pages is a calculation problem worth 10 points.  Partial credit will be awarded if I can following your procedures and determine that errors are arithmetic rather than conceptual. It would be wise, therefore, to clearly indicate your worksteps on each problem.

Question 26. For the following data set, calculate the oneway ANOVA and test for significance at the .05 level.

            Group 1                       Group 2                       Group 3                       Group 4

            x          x2                     x          x2                     x          x2                     x          x2

 

            7          49                    10        100                  12        144                  16        256

            8          64                    12        144                  14        196                  15        225

            7          49                    13        169                  13        169                  18        324

            9          81                    13        169                  11        121                  17        289

            9          81                    14        196                  13        169                  20        400

            11        121                  15        225                  15        225                  21        441

            10        100                  14        196                  13        169                  22        484

            61        545                  91     1,199                  91     1,193                 129     2,419

Question 27. Calculate the c2 for the following 3 X 2 table and test for significance at the .01 level.

                        Group 1           Group 2           Group 3

    Positive

   Outcome            9                    12                   8                   29

                                                                                               

   Negative

   Outcome           5                      16                   4                  25

                                                                                   

 

                             14                    28                   12                54

Question 28. For the following group data, calculate a t-test and test for significance at the .05 level, 2-tailed level of significance.

                        Treatment Group                     Control Group

                        Mean = 68.4                            Mean = 52.2

                        sd = 5.6                                   sd = 6.0

                        n = 42                                      n = 46

Question 29. For the following paired observations, calculate the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and test for significance at the .01 level.

                        x                      x2                     y                      y2                     xy

                        17                    289                  23                    529                  391

                        17                    289                  19                    361                  323

                        18                    324                  20                    400                  360

                        19                    361                  17                    289                  323

                        21                    441                  15                    225                  315

                        22                    484                  19                    361                  418

                        21                    441                  20                    400                  420

                        23                    529                  19                    361                  437

                        22                    484                  20                    400                  440

                        18                    324                  16                    256                  288

                       198                 3,966                188                 3,582               3,715

Question 30. For the following data regarding paired rank orders for a sample, calculate the correlation coefficient and test for significance at the .05 level.

                Subject #           Rank 1            Rank 2

                        1                      2                      1

                        2                      1                      2.5

                        3                      3                      2.5

                        4                      5                      4

                        5                      6                      5

                        6                      4                      8

                        7                      7                      6

                        8                      9                      7

                        9                      8                      10

                        10                    10                    9

Reference no: EM13350411

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