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Q. After prolonged exposure to isoproterenol, that binds to b-adrenergic receptors and activates adenylate cyclase, cells become refractory and cease responding. To investigate this phenomenon, you treat cells for a variety of times with isoproterenol, wash it out, and next assay for b-adrenergic receptors by measuring binding of dihydroalprenolol, that is hydrophobic, and CGP-12177, which is hydrophilic. You find that CGP-12177 binding decreases in parallel to adenylate cyclase activity while dihydroalprenolol binding remains high. When you lyse isoproterenol-treated (desensitized) cells and fractionate membrane-enclosed vesicles by centrifugation through sucrose-density gradients, you find out that CGP-12177 binds only to vesicles derived from the plasma membrane (as indicated by the presence of the marker enzyme, 5'nucleotidase) whereas dihydroalprenolol binds to an extra population of vesicles as well.
a. Give an description for the differences in binding between CGP-12177 and dihydroalprenolol;
b. What do you think may be the basis for isoproterenol-induced desensitization in these cells?
A mouse species has three phenotypes, black, brown and white. There are two genes responsible, and there is epistasis between the two genes. If two white mice mate, what is the probability that their first offspring will be white?
Identify the different phases and stages of the mitotic cell cycle.Explain the mitigating factors for transition from one phase and stage to the next phase and stage?
A Drosophila P element 2.2 kb in length is modified by adding a 0.8-kb intron sequence to one of its exons. A copia element of 5.2 kb is modified through adding the same 0.8-kb intron to its central region.
Also glucose technically doesn't have a carbonyl functional group then because it is broken when the ring structure is formed? Is it a random chance that either alpha or beta glucose is formed.
Bonnie tells you that she has had many viral infections and is concerned about getting cancer. Which of the following is a potential cause of cancer?
what is acute and convalescent sera? If the titer of the convalescent serum is much grater than the acute serum, what does that indicated.
Which strand of DNA is transcribed and in which direction? Show your reasoning.
An X-linked dominant factor (R) causes rickets, a disease of the skeletal system; the recessive factor (r) produces normal skeletal development. Answer the following questions about the disease.
Explain how rainwater gets to the leaves of a sequoia tree. In your explanation, use and define the relevant terms and physical properties that are involved and/or enable this process.
dimples: Kirk Douglas has a prominent indentation (dimple) in his chin, and so does his son Michael. Dimples are inherited as a dominant trait. If Michael's mother does not have dimples, and his wife doesn't have dimples, what is the probability t..
q1. seedless watermelons are actually a product of mistakes in meiosis these seedless watermelon are triploid 3n and
Mary has a genetically linked immunodeficiency. Unlike many such patients, who had recurrent infections with several gram-negative and/or gram-positive bacteria, Mary has only presented with infection with Neisseria meningitidis. Why is a phagocyt..
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