Principle of common but differential responsibility

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Reference no: EM133321268

Assignment:

Question 1: The Paris Agreement is based around Nationally Determine Contributions ("NDCs"). How are NDCs determined?

a. NDCs are specified in Annex I to the Paris Agreement

b. NDCs are set by the UNFCCC

c. NDCs are set by each country

d. NDCs are set as a percentage of a country's GDP

Question 2 Under the Kyoto Protocol, China did not have a binding commitment to meet a specific emissions target. Why?

a. Along with the US, China did not ratify the Kyoto Protocol

b. Along with other developing countries in the UNFCCC framework, China was not required to set emissions targets in the Kyoto Protocol

c. China withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol before the first committment period ended, rendering its legal obligations moot

d. China failed to submit its NDCs prior to the commencement of the first commitment period

Question 3 Which of the following is an example of the principle of common but differential responsibility?

a. The Montreal Protocol's multilateral fund to assist developing countries with CFC reduction

b. The Kyoto Protocol's exclusion of developing countries from binding emissions targets

c. The Paris Agreement's direction to states to calculate their NDCs in light of their capabilities and historic responsibility for climate change

d. All of the above

Question 4 What best describes the Universal Declaration of Human Rights ("UNDHR") and its status in international law?

a. The UNDHR is an international treaty

b.The UNDHR is an international treaty; parts of the UNDHR are widely seen to be customary international law

c. The UNDHR was adopted as General Assembly resolution; parts of the UNDHR are widely seen to be customary international law

d. The UNDHR lacks any status under international law

Question 5 Using a statistical analysis, Cole finds that membership in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights does not independently improve human rights practices in states.

a. True

b. False

Question 6 Following increasing tensions with the ICC in the mid-2010s, several African countries initiated withdrawal proceedings from the Rome Statute. As of 2022, only Burundi has withdrawn from the Rome Statute.

a. True

b. False

Question 7 The majority of African states have opposed the ICC since the negotiations began in Rome in the late 1990s to create the court.

a. True

b. False

Question 8 What is the TWAIL critique of the principle of complementarity in the Rome Statute?

a. Because complementarity allows the ICC only to act when national courts fail to act, it privileges developed countries that tend to have advanced judicial institutions

b. Because complementarity allows the ICC only to act when national courts fail to act, it privileges developing countries that tend to have less advanced judicial institutions

c. Because complementarity requires the ICC to hear cases alongside national courts, it privileges developed countries that tend to have advanced judicial institutions

d. Because complementarity requires the ICC to hear cases alongside national courts, it privileges developing countries that tend to have less advanced judicial institutions

Question 9 Once states have signed and ratified an international treaty, what action, if any, can they take to no longer be bound by the treaty's legal obligations?

a. If a state has signed and also ratified a treaty, it cannot terminate its obligations under the treaty

b. While it is possible for states to withdraw from treaties, it is rare because it must be approved by the ICJ

c. States can generally withdraw from treaties, if they follow the treaties' requirements for withdrawals

d. States can generally withdraw from treaties, but only if all other parties to the treaty consent

Question 10 The ICJ is currently presiding over the case of The Gambia v. Myanmar. What's notable about The Gambia's role in the case?

a. The Gambia initiated the action even though it is not a party to the Genocide Convention

b. The Gambia initiated the action even though The Gambia has not been immediately affected by the alleged genocide in Ukraine

c. The Gabmia initiated the action even though The Gambia has not been immediately affected by the alleged genocide in Myanmar

d. The Gambia has withdrawn from the Rome Statute

Reference no: EM133321268

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