Reference no: EM131414534

1.  Use the following data set to perform the t-test and determine p-values:

The data studies the effect of dietary calcium on blood pressure. In the experiment, one group of black male adults received calcium supplements for 12 weeks. A control group of black male adults was given placebos for 12 weeks. Earlier tests indicated that calcium could be more effective in the black population. The data are seated systolic blood pressure at the beginning and end of the 12 weeks measured in mm Hg. The data include the decrease after 12 weeks (a negative value indicates an increase).

If you choose to use the table for calculating the p value range, please also report what you calculated for t (or for F)!!!!!!   Data from Lyle et al., JAMA 257:1772-1776 (1987)

                Calcium Group

Begin                    End                        Decrease

107                         100                         7

110                         114                         -4

123                         105                         18

129                         112                         17

112                         115                         -3

111                         116                         -5

107                         106                         1

112                         102                         10

136                         125                         11

102                         104                         -2

 

                Placebo Group

Begin                    End                        Decrease

123                         124                         -1

109                         97                           12

112                         113                         -1

102                         105                         -3

98                           95                           3

114                         119                         -5

119                         114                         5

112                         114                         -2

110                         121                         -11

117                         118                         -1

130                         133                         -3

1. (4) Look at the calcium data as paired. Perform a test to determine the p-value (two-sided) for the decrease. State the null and alternative hypothesis. Calculate a 95% confidence interval for the decrease. Show the steps you used to reach the conclusions. If you use statistical software, show which equations must be used.

1. (4) Perform the F test to compare variances on the decrease columns. You will be comparing the variance of the decrease column for calcium to the decrease column for placebo. State the p-value and the conclusion of the test.

1. (4) Treat the two groups (calcium and placebo) as independent samples, equal variances. Look only at the decrease columns (you are now comparing the calcium decrease column to the placebo decrease column). Perform a test to determine the p-value for the decrease. State the null and alternative hypothesis. Calculate a 95% confidence interval for the decrease.

1. (4) Treat the two groups as independent samples, unequal variances. Look only at the decrease columns (calcium vs. placebo). Perform a test to determine the p-value for the decrease. State the null and alternative hypothesis. Calculate a 95% confidence interval for the decrease.

1. (4) Do a two-sided t-test to compare the sample groups. Look at the Begin column for calcium and the Begin column for placebo. Report the p-value. Based on that p-value, do you have any reason to believe that the sample groups were significantly different headed into the experiment?

2.       Use the direct method of standardization to compute the crude mortality rate and age-adjusted mortality rate for North Carolina in 2000. Use the U.S. population (also in table) as your standardizing population.

Age (years)	NC population	NC deaths	NC Age-specific rate (per 10,000)	US population	US expected deaths per age group
0-34	3,984,283	3,740		139,328,990
35-54	2,372,270	8,094		82,826,479
55-64	723,712	8,035		24,274,684
65+	969,048	51,863		34,991,753
Total	8,049,313	71,732		281,421,906

1. 
   (5) Fill in the missing values for the age-specific rates in North Carolina, and the expected deaths in the U.S. population using the North Carolina rates. You do not have to list in the table-you can just report the numbers.

1. (5) What is the crude death rate for North Carolina in 2000 (report as per 10,000)?

1. (5) What is the age-adjusted death rate for North Carolina in 2000?