Reference no: EM13740819

1. In Mesoamerican artwork, the Olmec culture produced massive stone head sculptures, found at LaVenta, weighing from 5 to more than 20 tons each.

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2. Scientific studies have revealed that the Mayan culture in early Mesoamerica had the most sophisticated writing system of any culture in Mesoamerica at that time.

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3. The calendar was first developed by the Mayan Civilization in Mesoamerica due to their meticulous system of record keeping.

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4. The temple grounds of early Mayan pyramids contain chacmools which are thought to have been places where ritual offerings and sacrifices were made.

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5. Teotihuacan in Mexico rose to become an important city because of it's widespread trade in casting and sculpture using bronze during the period of 1200 BC.

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6. One early Mesoamerican 600 CE fresco, a mural painted using pigments applied to damp lime plaster, was a scene showing a priest using the maguey plant in ritual to draw blood in sacrifice to the Great Goddess.

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7. Wearing a skirt made of twisted snakes, the Earth Mother Goddess of the Aztec People was called Coatlicue.

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8. In Central America, the Diquis Culture was known for it's gold artwork as shown in the Shaman with Drum and Snake sculpture.

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9. The Paracas culture in Peru developed a highly sophisticated method of weaving with over 200 weft threads per square inch making it among the finest in the world.

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10. One invention that came from the Moche Culture was the production of ceramic molds so they could mass produce pottery for sale.

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11. The pottery of the Southwest, which was black and highly buffed, was produced using black paint that was obtained from the natural grasses of that area.

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12. In the blankets that are produced by the women of the Navajo culture in the American Southwest, we see symbolism from spiritual beliefs as they believe the entire universe is a tapestry.

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13. In the basketry called Prairie Style art, the Plains People used porcupine and bird quills that had been softened, in preparation for weaving the baskets.

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14. As we saw on the Sioux baby carrier, a thunderbird is a symbol of protection against harm, much like the cross of St. Christopher is used for those who travel and want protection.

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15. The Northwest Coast Culture in the U.S. is famous for it's ritual sand paintings of turtles, which is their sacred god.

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16. A kiva is a mask used by the Inuit native people during initiation ceremonies for their young males.

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17. Artwork that is 70,000 years old, earlier than all other world artwork by 30,000 years, found in South Africa's Blombos Cave, points to Africa as being the cradle of civilization.

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18. Cave paintings of domestic cattle images and family life in Algeria show us that village life replaced the hunting lifestyle sometime between 5,000 BCE and 2,000 BCE in Africa.

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19. A realistic form of sculpture can be seen in the Nok statues, where every detail of the face has been carved into the surface.

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20. Brass heads that were made of Ife kings in Africa, included scarification and other facial details in extreme naturalism.

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21. The sacred city of Benin, in Africa, is known for its outstanding cast metal heads of kings and carved ivory sculptures, such as the Queen Mother, which were commissioned by the Ife kings to be made by skilled artists.

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22. A beautiful mask, carved in ivory, was made representing the Queen Mother of the king of Benin, Africa in 1550 CE and mudfish around it's periphery were interspersed with the heads of Portuguese soldiers / traders in a symbolic way.

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23. In the 13th century, the king of Jenne, in West Africa converted his palace into a mosque for worship and the wooden beams that protrude outward are there for the purpose of re-plastering the mosque in repairs.

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24. In the community of the Nankani People of Ghana, all residents live in a series of cliffside dwellings along the Congo River, and use long ladders to ascend into their homes.

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25. Like many other cultures of the world, the Mande Culture of the West Coast of Africa produces pottery that is made by the men exclusively.

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26. A large wooden statue used in healing and other important functions, the nkisinkonde figure is an African statue that can take on the "attributes" of the items that are affixed to it.

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27. In the Nigerian Yoruba Culture, a diviner may order the carving of an ibeji statue for a grieving mother and father who has lost a child during birth.

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28. The Sinagua People of the southwestern section of the U.S. had an elaborate system of jade production and sold their carved products to other native cultures in Mesoamerica.

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29. The Sun Watcher person, in the Hopi tribes today, is an important position that has survived since the days of the Sinagua People, their early ancestors.

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30. The prehistoric Sinagua People of Arizona only lived there for a few years because water was scarce and they had no effective way of knowing when to plant crops.

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31. The Hopi in the Southwestern part of the U.S. practice Sun Watching, which was also practiced by the ancient Sinagua People who lived in the Sedona, Arizona region back in 600 A.D.

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32. The Hopi developed a system of timber homes, built in log cabin style, which they learned from the ancient Sinagua People who lived in the Arizona area before them.

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33. Archaeoastronomy is the study of weather and green plants, used to determine how the greenhouse effect has changed our climate, making various cultures move to areas with more water.

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34. Indirect percussion is a term used that describes the carving of a petroglyph and involves the use of a sharp pointed rock being pounded by a larger rock to carve symbols into the face of a flat rock surface.

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35. A prehistoric artist who made concentric circle symbols to represent the Sun on the Sinaguan petroglyphs found in Arizona would have worked for a Sun Watcher.

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36. The Seri People of the Sonoran Desert in Mexico display the "Have No Fear" mudra, or symbolic hand raising when they greet strangers.

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37. In African culture, when one uses an "nkisinkonde" wooden figure in a ceremony between two people who want to form a "pact" or a business arrangement, the practice is usually to throw it into a fire and let the flames consume it.

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38. In Africa, scars were made on the body as symbols of beauty or tribal importance, much like those who adorn themselves with tattoos today would do.

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39. According to Seri beliefs in northwestern Mexico, learning their ancient native language rather than Spanish will produce an individual that is separate and apart in behavior and beliefs, from the Spanish speaking people surrounding them.

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40. Cambodia and Thailand are the countries associated with the sculpture known as Avalokiteshvara, the Bodhisattva of Infinite Compassion.

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41.The Asian Art Collection contains a rather small collection of eastern artwork, in comparison to other U.S. museums.

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42. The Asian collection at the Metropolitan Museum includes more than one image called Bodhisattva, each one different in its appearance.

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43. The Asian Art Collection of the Metropolitan Museum, includes artwork from many centuries of Eastern Culture.

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44. The rare ivory mask from Africa, called "Iyoba", is believed to represent the mother of the King of Benin.

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45. We visited the Americas Wing in the Met Museum and we saw one exhibited item called the Fox Warrior Bottle which had no handles but 3 different pouring spouts for ritual use.

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46. The Asian collection in the Metropolitan Museum is one of the largest in the West.

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47. On the periphery of the hand carved African ivory mask of the "iyoba", we saw the heads of Portuguese soldiers / traders.

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48. The Fox Warrior Bottle was hand made in the central region of Nicaragua by the Mayan Culture.

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49. The Portuguese traders of the 16th century were attracted to the shores of Africa in search of the ivory found there.

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50. The Metropolitan Museum has ceramic artwork from the Moche Culture in the Americas.

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51. The mudfish that were carved in the headdress of the African mask called "Iyoba" were symbolic of the dual life of the King or "oba" of Benin.

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52. The Metropolitan Museum features a Fox Warrior Bottle that is dated by cultural scientists to have been made between the 7th - 8th century.

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53. A "stirrup shaped" spout / handle was featured on bottles in Peru for 3,000 years as they were popular among the Moche Culture.

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54. The Congo is the country of origin of the rare carved ivory mask called "Iyoba.

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55. On the Fox Warrior Bottle, the warriors were wearing fox masks and carrying a shield and war club.

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56. Avalokiteshvara, the Bodhisattva of Infinite Compassion, found in the Met Museum, can be identified by the tiny figure of a seated Amitabha Buddha that appears in his braided hair.

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57. The ivory hand carved mask of the "iyoba" or Queen Mother, was made by the Edo people of Nigeria, in Africa.

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58. In the Asian Wing, the sculpture known as Avalokiteshvara, could be characterized as a formal and muscular sculpture with a serious expression on the face for the purpose of showing power, through fear.

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