Is an alpha motor neuron divergent or convergent

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Reference no: EM133369199

Assignment:

1. If your neuron received 3 EPSPs and 1 IPSPs, would this neuron reach threshold and why? (EPSP110mV, EPSP2 5mV, EPSP3 10mV, IPSP -10mV)

a. If the same graded potentials occurred when the cell was in the absolute refractory period, would we have another action potential?

b. If the same graded potentials happened during the relative refractory period, would it have an action potential? Why?

2. Is an alpha motor neuron divergent or convergent?

3. If your neuron received a new strong (above threshold!) stimuli during the absolute refractory period, would there be a new action potential?

4. If your neuron received a new strong (above threshold!) stimuli during the relative refractory period, would there be a new action potential?

5. Insulin Signaling Cascade (Figure 22.16) Please refer to the figure on the previous page

a. Please fill in the empty bubbles.

b. What type of Receptor is found in step #2? More importantly, what receptor subtype is this?

c. Is this a second messenger system? What does a second messenger system do inside a cell?

d. Insulin is released in response to high glucose. What type of transcription factors and metabolic factors would you want to release in response to high glucose? (I am not looking for specifics, but for what categories would be useful when glucose is high)

6. Norepinephrine Action on Cardiac Pacemaker Cells.2 Please see description on page 466 in your Silverthorn textbook.

a. What type of receptor is this?

b. PKA is activated by cAMP, what does PKA add to the targets (#4) to change their function?

c. If #2 is a Gas and it increases the amount of cAMP, what would a Gai do to cAMP?

7. How are the receptors for steroids and other lipid soluble substances different than the 2 examples above? What would be different about a steroid cellular response and a GPCR response?

8. True / False: Reflexes must always occur in the spinal cord, and reflexes are always innate

9. What types of neurons area involved in a myotatic stretch reflex (knee jerk)? What type of reflex is this? Can you change the speed of this reflex?

10. What is a muscle spindle, and how does it participate in balance?

11. Please draw out the crossed extensor pain withdrawl reflex. What would happen to an individual, if the opposite leg did not have activation of extension?

Reference no: EM133369199

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