Identify what roles the proteins encoded

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Reference no: EM133946327

Question: Genetics in Practice - make sure you know the answers to the questions I asked in the chapter PowerPoint.
Terms from chapter to review (in addition to those directly mentioned in specific topics below): cell cycle checkpoints, contact inhibition, density dependent inhibition, metastasis / metastasize / metastatic, benign, malignant
Describe the primary characteristics of cancer (differentiating it from normal cells) and explain why it is a group of genetic diseases, not just one.
Explain why cancer is not typically inherited and why most non-inherited cancer arises later in life rather than in young people
Identify the environmental factor that contributes most to the development of cancer (tobacco) as well as the relative overall impact of environmental factors on cancer development (around 40% of cancer cases).
Describe how cancer develops, including what clonal evolution means and the genetic changes involved in developing a tumor, how it becomes malignant and how metastasis occurs.
Identify what the proteins encoded by proto-oncogenes normally do in the cell and why mutations in these genes are often dominant alleles (why are most oncogenes dominant?)
Recognize the proto-oncogene example ras has an oncogene mutant version present in 1/3 of all tumors
Identify what roles the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes normally play in the cell and why mutations in these genes are often recessive Get online assignment help – 100% Original & AI-Free Content.
Recognize the key examples of tumor suppressor genes discussed and their normal functions: p53, RB, BRCA1 (and not listed in chart, but there is also a BRCA2 with similar function)
Explain what haploinsuffiency is and how it might affect a heterozygote who inherited one knock-out allele for a tumor suppressor gene
Describe how inheriting one knock-out allele for a tumor suppressor gene might lead to increased development of cancer even though the allele is recessive (i.e. explain loss of heterozygosity cause & effect)
**You will NOT be tested on cyclins and cdks, though I may mention them in a question, so recognize that they are involved in checkpoints and forward/stop signals so you aren't confused by the mention.
Describe how retinoblastoma (Rb) cancer develops, including which cell cycle checkpoint fails (G1-to-S) and what the 2-hit hypothesis explains about inherited versus sporadic (non-inherited) retinoblastoma tumors (which are almost always unilateral and which are often bilateral and why).
Recognize and identify the role of secondary mutations in genes for telomerase, angiogenesis and cytoskeletal and ECM structure as well as aneuploidy and large chromosomal mutations on tumor development and cancer progression.
Identify the 2 key ways that viruses, especially retroviruses like HPV, can cause cancer after infection.

Reference no: EM133946327

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