Reference no: EM131077704
1. M. S. Kanarek and associates studied the relationship between cancer rates and levels of asbestos in the drinking water, in 722 Census tracts around San Francico Bay. They tested over 200 relationships -- different types of cancer, different demographic groups, different ways of adjusting for possible confounding variables. After adjusting for age and socioeconomic status (but not smoking), they found a "strong relationship" between the rate of lung cancer among white males and the concentration of asbestos fibers in the drinking water: P<.001P<.001.
They found that a 100-fold increase in asbestos concentration was associated with a 1.05-fold increase in the lung cancer rate, on average. (This means: If tract B has 100 times the concentration of asbestos fibers in the water as tract A, and the lung cancer rate for white males in tract A is 1 per 1,000 persons per year, then tract B is predicted to have a rate of 1.05 per 1,000 persons per year.)
Are you convinced that asbestos in the drinking water causes lung cancer among white males? Please point to at least threedistinct flaws in this analysis.
2. In employment discrimination cases, courts have held that a firm is guilty of discrimination when the percentage of blacks among its employees is lower than the percentage of blacks in the surrounding geographical region, provided the difference is "statistically significant" (i.e., P-value less than 5%) by the z-test.
- Suppose a firm is found guilty under this criterion. Why should you be skeptical?
- The difference may be statistically significant but not practically important
- Data snooping makes P-values hard to interpret
- The test is based on a sample of convenience
- The test is based on data for the entire population
- Consider a metropolitan area in which 10% of the people are black and 50 firms which hire employees independently by a process which, as far as race is concerned, is equivalent to simple random sampling. The chance that at least one of the 50 firms will be found guilty of discrimination is _____% and the expected number of firms that will be found guilty is ____.
A company that runs a shop floor environment
: Review the article "8 ways electronic work instructions are transforming the shop floor" from this week's reading assignment. This article discusses the importance of work instructions and how these instructions have improved a company that runs a..
|
Describe one of pamela ccrt patterns
: The case study discussed in the attached article titled, The Case of Pamela, includes a session transcript under the heading, "A Session with Pamela". After reading the transcript, use the Core Conflictual Relationship Theme Method (CCRT) to look ..
|
What do we call act of repeating essence of a research study
: What do we call the act of repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding generalizes to other participants and circumstances?
|
Number of engineering and manufacturing methodologies
: There are a number of engineering and manufacturing methodologies available such as Six Sigma, LEAN, Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI), Statistical Process Control (SPC).
|
Held that a firm is guilty of discrimination
: In employment discrimination cases, courts have held that a firm is guilty of discrimination when the percentage of blacks among its employees is lower than the percentage of blacks in the surrounding geographical region, provided the difference i..
|
What is the probability that this person had an income
: what is the probability that this person had an income in the 17-33 percentile?
|
Could the naive comprehension principle be true
: The naive comprehension principle states that, for any property P, there is a set whose members are all and only the things that have P. Could the naive comprehension principle be true?
|
What is the probability that a respondent chosen at random
: If a randomly chosen respondent calls himself or herself middle class, what is the probability that the individual's income is either less than or equal to $29,999 or greater than or equal to $50,000?
|
Effectiveness of an experimental drug
: A clinical trial is run to investigate the effectiveness of an experimental drug in reducing preterm delivery to a drug considered standard care and to placebo.
|