Reference no: EM133946321

Question: Genetics in Practice - make sure you know the answers to the questions I asked in the chapter PowerPoint.
Terms from chapter to review (in addition to those directly mentioned in specific topics below): recombinant DNA, transgenic organism, nuclease, agarose, methylene blue, ethidium bromide (EtBr), SYBR Green, anneal / annealing, primer, antibiotic, antibiotic resistance
Describe the normal cellular origin and role of restriction enzymes, what types of sequences they recognize, how they cut DNA and what scientists use them for in the laboratory
Distinguish between the type of cut that makes a cohesive (sticky) end versus a blunt end.
Identify which restriction enzymes will produce larger fragments (cut less often) based on length of the recognition sequence.
**You will NOT be tested on the engineered nuclease section (no questions on this).
For CRISPR-Cas systems:
Describe the normal cellular origin and role of CRISPR-Cas systems, how they know which sequences to recognize (crRNA), which part has nuclease activity to cut the DNA
Explain how scientists have engineered this system to cut and modify any specific sequence they desire, including what sgRNA is and how Non-Homologous End-Joining (NHEJ) and Homology Directed Repair (HDR) enzymes are involved.
Explain what gel electrophoresis is, what creates the gel matrix for DNA gels and how we use it to separate and visualize DNA.
Describe the three steps of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), including why they are repeated, how primers are involved, where they bind (why just outside the region you want to amplify?) & the key role of Taq polymerase. Get online assignment help – 100% Original & AI-Free Content.
Define "gene cloning" and describe the 3 requirements for any cloning vector to work
Identify key characteristics of plasmid vectors, the basic transformation process and the two common hosts scientists use by the scientific names (which specific bacteria and yeast from Ch. 1)
Describe the unique characteristics of expression vectors and how scientists obtain eukaryotic DNA that can be used with them (see next item)
Describe how a DNA library is made, stored and the differences between making and using a genomic library versus a cDNA library
Describe how Sanger sequencing (dideoxy sequencing) works and what is special about dideoxy nucleotides (ddNTPs) that allows them to be used in this method.
Describe microsatellites (short tandem repeats, STRs) in DNA and explain how they are used in DNA fingerprinting or profiling to identify DNA samples. Be able to relate this to #5 and #6 in a complete crime scene analysis procedure.
Define or recognize examples of forward genetics versus reverse genetics methodologies.