Reference no: EM132391244

1. Explain the purpose of fermentation in terms of regenerating finite supplies of NAD⁺ and why an organism might use fermentation to continue glycolysis for ATP production.

2. Explain the electron transport chain and how chemiosmosis generates ATP via ATP synthase, relying on the return of protons via the proton motive force

3. Explain the importance of carbon intermediates in terms of cells building up macromolecules (e.g., E. coli growing on glucose plus minimal salts media) and how cells can similarly (but in reverse) break down a variety of macromolecules in order to introduce their components into the central metabolic pathways.