Reference no: EM133917503
Questions
1. Explain how systemic vasoconstriction causes hypertension.
2. List 6 examples of target organ damage due to hypertension.
3. Explain how aldosterone contributes to hypertension and impacts urine output.
4. Which symptoms may be associated with a blood pressure of 180/110? (Select all that apply)
Palpitations
Dizziness
Angina
Increased activity tolerance
5. Which of the following assessment findings are associated with peripheral arterial disease? (Select all that apply)
Pain
Pallor
Diminished pulses
Erythema
6. The most common factor predisposing to the development of varicose veins is:
a. trauma.
b. increased venous pressure.
c. infection.
d. congenital valve defect in the abdominal veins.
7. An atheroma develops from:
a. accumulated lipids, cells, and fibrin where endothelial injury has occurred.
b. repeated vasospasms.
c. thrombus forming on damaged walls of veins.
d. a torn arterial wall and blood clots.
8. Factors that may precipitate an angina attack include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. shoveling snow on a cold, windy day.
b. engaging in an angry argument.
c. eating a large meal.
d. taking a nap
9. Uncontrolled hypertension is most likely to cause ischemia and loss of function in the:
a. liver, spleen, and stomach.
b. kidneys, brain, and retinas of the eye.
c. aorta and coronary arteries.
d. peripheral arteries in the legs.
10. When stroke volume decreases, which of the following could maintain cardiac output?
a. Increased heart rate
b. Decreased peripheral resistance
c. Decreased venous return
d. General vasodilation
11. Cigarette smoking is a risk factor in coronary artery disease because smoking:
a. reduces vasoconstriction and peripheral resistance.
b. increases serum HDL levels.
c. decreases serum lipid levels.
d. promotes platelet adhesion.
12. The term intermittent claudication refers to:
a. sensory deficit in the legs due to damage to nerves.
b. ischemic muscle pain in the legs, particularly with exercise.
c. dry, cyanotic skin with superficial ulcers.
d. chest pain related to ischemia.
13. A partial obstruction in a coronary artery will likely cause:
a. hypertension.
b. angina attacks.
c. myocardial infarction.
d. pulmonary embolus.
14. Vasodilation in the skin and viscera results directly from:
a. relaxation of smooth muscle in the arterioles.
b. increased parasympathetic stimulation.
c. decreased blood pressure.
d. increased stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors.