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Question: Several studies have documented the susceptibility of people who are HIV-positive to cholera, likely because of weakened immune systems. Researchers in Mozambique (Lucas et al., 2005), a country where an esti mated 20% to 30% of the population is HIV-positive, wondered whether an oral vaccine for cholera would work among people who are HIV-positive. Fourteen thousand people in Mozambique who tested positive for HIV were immunized against cholera. Soon thereafter, an epidemic of cholera spread through the region, giving the researchers an opportunity to test their hypothesis.
a. Describe a way in which the researchers could have conducted an experiment to examine the effectiveness of the cholera vaccine among people who are HIV-positive.
b. If the researchers did conduct an experiment, would this have been a between-groups or within-groups experiment? Explain.
c. The researchers did not randomly assign participants to vaccine or no-vaccine conditions; rather, they conducted a general mass immunization. Why does this limit their ability to draw causal conclusions? State at least one possible confounding variable.
Given the following values of central tendency for each distribution, determine whether the distribution is symmetrical, positively skewed, or negatively skewed:
the snappy service gas station manager is thinking about a promotion that she hopes will bring in more business to the
Represent the data given below with a suitable diagram. Draw a histogram and a frequency polygon for the following data.
The null hypothesis is to be tested at 95% confidence. Determine the critical values for this test.
In the previous exercise, you rejected the hypothesis of equal means. What does this imply about the accuracy of the confidence interval for the difference between the population means based on Student's T?
Using a nondirectional hypothesis test and a level of significance of your choice, what conclusion would be reached? For the significance level used in part (a), construct the appropriate confidence interval and verify the conclusion reached in par..
Consider an acceptance-sampling scheme in which factory takes delivery of a batch of components if random sample of 400 components contains fewer than M defectives.
Assume the sample is taken from a normally distributed population. Construct 98% confidence intervals for (a) the population variance o2 and (b) the population standard deviation.
A point estimate for a parameter is a single number designed to estimate a quantitative parameter of a population, usually the value of the corresponding sample statistic
Compute the nonresponse rate for this study. Does this influence how you interpret these results? Write a short discussion of this issue.
For all 12 people, the time to complete Task 1 (T1) and the time to complete Task 2 (T2) (in minutes) were recorded. After collecting the data, a 95% confidence on the difference (T1 - T2) in average time to complete the tasks was found to be (-2...
(b) In fact, the experiment from which X and Y are derived is performed sequentially. First, X is found, then Y is found. In this context, label the conditional branch probabilities of the following tree:
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