Estimate the point of subjective equality

Assignment Help Applied Statistics

Reference no: EM13916067

Assignment 1 - Practical Report Section I - Method of Constant Stimuli

Round final answer to 1 decimal place. Because you are reading from the graph, in this section we allow a margin of error in answers of +/- 0.5. (I.e., you can be off the ‘true' answer by up to 0.5.) To answer the questions, refer to the graph in the Data Sheet and use the ‘smoothed data' (dotted line).

Question 1: Estimate the point of subjective equality (PSE) from the graph.

Question 2: Estimate the upper threshold (UT) from the graph.

Question 3: Estimate the lower threshold (LT) from the graph.

Question 4: Estimate the interval of uncertainty (IU) from the graph.

Question 5: Estimate the just noticeable difference (JND) from the graph.

Question 6: Imagine that a right-handed subject tended to choose the "longer" response whenever the two stimuli seemed almost equal because she favours her right hand and so is more likely to press the ‘L' key. How would this alter the PSE compared with a subject without this bias?

A. It would be larger. B. It would be smaller. C. It would be the same.

Question 7: In ideal data, UT-PSE equals PSE-LT. For your data, calculate UT-PSE.

Question 8: In ideal data, UT-PSE equals PSE-LT. For your data, calculate PSE-LT.

Question 9: UT-PSE and PSE-LT are both estimates of the "true" JND. Is the mean (average) of these two estimates equal to the JND computed in question 5?

Assignment 1 - Practical Report Section II - Method of Adjustment

You must fill in the table below and answer the questions.

Round to two decimal places in the final answers. If calculating by hand, round to three decimal places during the calculations. If calculating via Excel, a graphics calculator, or some other software, your answer may differ slightly from hand calculations because it is more precise. THIS IS FINE. You will receive full marks either way! What we want you to do is show that you understand how the calculations work by filling in the table below and answering the questions.

Trial #	Response	(Response - Mean)	(Response - Mean)²
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
	Sum		Standard Deviation

	Mean		JND

Question 1: Compute the mean of your data.

Question 2: Compute the standard deviation of your data.

Question 3: Compute the just noticeable difference (JND) of your data.

Question 4: Compute the point of subjective equality (PSE) of your data.

Question 5: Compute the upper threshold (UT) of your data.

Question 6: Compute the lower threshold (LT) of your data.

Question 7: Compute the interval of uncertainty (IU) of your data.

Question 8: Which one of the following best reflects how unreliable or variable your responses were?
A. UT and LT.
B. PSE.
C. UT or LT.
D. JND and IU.

Question 9: If 10 units were added to each of your adjustments (i.e., how long you made each line when doing the task), which of the values you have calculated would not change?

A. PSE.
B. JND.
C. UT.
D. All would change.
E. None would change.

Question 10: In the method of adjustment, the comparison stimulus starts obviously "longer" or "shorter" than the standard stimulus. Imagine that all the trials started with the obviously "longer" comparison stimulus and that the subject had a tendency to leave their finger on the arrow key too long while adjusting the comparison stimulus (i.e., an error of habituation). Which of the following would occur?
A. JND would increase.
B. JND would decrease.
C. PSE would increase.
D. PSE would decrease.

Assignment 1 - Practical Report Section III - Weber's Law

Round final answers to two decimal places. During the steps of any calculations, round to three decimal places. Fill in the table below, and then answer the questions. Refer back to the Data Sheet when appropriate.

Standard Size	PSE	JND

Question 1: What is the slope of the best fitting line drawn through your data? (Just write the slope. Don't explain what a slope is.)

Question 2: What is the Weber fraction for your data? (Just write the Weber fraction. Don't explain what a Weber fraction is.)

Question 3: Is your variable error larger for larger stimuli (refer to your data)?

Question 4: Are you more precise when judging larger stimuli (refer to your data)?

Question 5: In general, does your accuracy increase when judging smaller stimuli (refer to your data)?

Question 6: According to Weber's Law, for which weight would you be most likely to notice the addition of ten grams?

A. 1 Kilogram.
B. 2 Kilogram.
C. 3 Kilogram.

Question 7: Assume that a weight discrimination experiment produced the following results:

Standard Stimulus	JND
50g	2g
100g	4g
200	8g

According to Weber's Law, how large should the JND be for the standard stimulus of 400 g?
A. 10g.
B. 12g.
C. 16g.

Assignment 1 - Practical Report Section IV - Muller-Lyer Illusion Part 1

Round final answers to two decimal places. During the steps of any calculations, round to three decimal places. Refer back to the data sheet when appropriate.

Fill in the table below and answer the questions.

Condition	Standard	JND	PSE	POE
Inward Fins	>-<
Vertical Fins	\|-\|
Outward Fins	<->

Question 1: In your data, does the direction of the arrows affect the size of the point of subjective equality (PSE)?

Question 2: Compute the constant error for the Inward Fins condition in your data.

Question 3: Compute the constant error for the Vertical Fins condition in your data.

Question 4: Compute the constant error for the Outward Fins in your data.

Question 5: For which condition are you most accurate (refer to your data)?

Question 6: In which condition are you most precise (refer to your data)?

Question 7: An experimenter found a constant error of 5 in a condition A and -5 in a condition B. In which condition were subjects more accurate?

A. Condition A.

B. Condition B.

C. The conditions are equally accurate.

Question 8: In an experimental procedure using only descending trials, subjects displayed a positive constant error. What is the probable cause of these results?

A. An illusion (any illusion - including but not limited to the Muller-Lyer illusion).
B. An error of expectation.
C. Both are possible.

Assignment 1 - Practical Report Section V - Muller-Lyer Illusion

Round final answers to two decimal places. During the steps of any calculations, round to three decimal places.

IMPORTANT NOTE - PLEASE READ

Although you need to refer back to concepts you learned in previous sections to complete Section V, all of the Section V questions are about the data from the fifth experiment in which you judged standard stimuli of two different lengths with the fins from the Muller-Lyer illusion. You should use only this data to answer the Section V questions, not data from the other experiments. You will not get marks for referring to the experiments from Sections I to IV.

Fill in the data summary below, and then answer the questions that follow.

	JND		PSE		Constant Error		Number of Trials
Fin Condition	Short	Long	Short	Long	Short	Long	Short	Long
>-<
\|-\|
<->

In what order did the Short and Long line conditions occur? (E.g., all long first, randomized, etc).

In what order did the different types of fins occur? (E.g., all outward facing first, randomized, etc.)

Question 1. According to your data from the Section V experiment,

(a) Did the illusion occur in both of the conditions (short and long)?

(b) Explain your answer (i.e., how do your data support your answer?).

Question 2.

Based on what you have learned about psychophysics in general (i.e., based entirely on the concepts presented in the Instructions and Information book, not from your data),

(a) Should the illusion have occurred for both conditions (short and long)?

(b) Explain your answer.

Question 3.

(a) Does your data from the Section V experiment "obey" Weber's Law?

(b) Explain your answer (i.e., what does Weber's Law predict and how do your data agree or disagree with the Law?).

Question 4.

Reminder: For this question please DO NOT refer to the other experiments. It is specifically about the Section V experiment.

(a) List all the variables that we controlled in the Section V experiment, either through counterbalancing or randomization.

Please list clearly. You will not receive marks for listing variables that were controlled in some way other than by counterbalancing or randomization. We are asking about counterbalancing and randomization specifically. We may have used randomization, counterbalancing, or both in this experiment. That is for you to figure out.

(b) What did we forget to do in the Section V experiment? Hint - what are standard procedures for repeated measures designs? Please describe one thing that we forgot to do - if you think of more than one, chose the one that is most important.

(c) As a result of our forgetfulness what alternative explanations can be put forward to explain your results in the Section V experiment? For full marks please describe how this could explain the specific pattern of results in your data.

Attachment:- Assignment.rar

Reference no: EM13916067

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