Reference no: EM133434046

Questions

1. The fundamental distinction between the content and process of change is that ______.

content is the how and process is the what

content is the what and process is the how

content is less important than the process

process precedes content

2. When leaders first respond to changes in the environment that threaten the organization's survival, their first concern should be ______.

the content of change

the process of change

the cycle of change

the system of change

3. Which of the following proposed that organizations get into trouble when their fundamental beliefs and assumptions no longer fit reality?

Drucker

Lewin

Lippitt

Maslow

4. When leaders choose a model for the steps to following when initiating organization change, they are focusing on ______.

the content of change

the process of change

the cycle of change

the system of change

5. What are the four theories that Van de Ven and Poole (1995) identified as four ideal categories to help understand the how and why of change?

life cycle, teleological, dialectical, and stage

life cycle, dialectical, field, and need

life cycle, dialectical, evolutionary, and revolutionary

life cycle, teleological, dialectical, and evolutionary

6. A study by Audia, Locke, and Smith (2000) found what the authors call a "paradox of success." What is the paradox?

The less successful an organization, the more it monitors the environment.

Organizations that monitor the environment most are the least successful.

Greater past success leads to greater strategic persistence following a radical environmental change.

Greater past success leads to greater monitoring of the environment.

7. Lewin's (1947) research on changing eating habits suggested that change requires three steps, which are ______.

freezing, unfreezing, and changing

unfreezing, changing, and unfreezing

unfreezing, refreezing, and moving

unfreezing, moving, and refreezing

8. Schein (1987) did which of the following to Lewin's (1947) three-step model of change?

refuted it after testing it on organization change

expanded and elaborated each step, and redesignated the steps as overlapping stages

reversed them

expanded them to five "phases"

9. Lippitt, Watson, and Westley (1985) did which of the following to Lewin's three-step model of change?

refuted it after testing it on organization change

expanded and elaborated each step and redesignated the steps as overlapping stages

reversed them

expanded them to five "phases"

10. Beckhard and Harris (1987) included in their transition model ______.

a step in which leadership determines whether or not to change

a neutral zone

punctuated equilibrium

all of these

11. Bridges (1980) included in his transition model, ______.

a step in which leadership determines whether or not to change

a neutral zone

punctuated equilibrium

the unconscious group

12. Episodic organization change ______.

neatly follows the model, "If Y happens, X likely caused it"

is predictably linear

due to unanticipated circumstances, is not as sequential as the linear models convey

is so complex that using a model hinders more than it helps

13. Sequential change models may be better suited for ______.

continuous improvement initiatives rather than for discontinuous change

discontinuous change than for continuous improvement initiatives

change that involves punctuated equilibrium

large-scale, radical change than for continuous change

14. Theories from psychology and organizational behavior address ______.

individual, group, and larger system levels of organization change

only the individual and group level

only the group level of organization change

only the individual level of organization change

15. Need theory, expectancy theory, job satisfaction theory, and positive reinforcement are examples of theories to help create organization change at the ______.

individual level

group level

both individual and group level

neither individual nor group level

16. Empirical-rational, normative-re-educative, and power-coercive strategies for effecting change are ______.

specific to technological change

more processural then contextual

politically based

revolutionary

17. Normative-re-educative strategies are premised in the idea that ______.

people are independent and think for themselves

people like to follow directives

people conform and commit to sociocultural norms

people are political

18. The role of managers in implementing change is considered the ______.

content of change

process of change

the rational aspect of change

the cognitive aspect of change

19. Van de Ven and Poole (1995), as a result of their meta-analysis, identified four primary theories as ______.

lifecycle, teleological, dialectical, and evolutionary

extrovert, Herbert, feeling, and thinking

ancient, old, modern, and postmodern

none of these

20. The life-cycle theory analyzed by Greiner (1972) ______.

proposed five stages in an organization's life cycle

also included a dialectical component

remains popular with managers because of its ease of understanding

all of these

21. The teleological theory of organizational development assumes that an organization ______.

is purposeful and adaptive

magnifies things of great distance

is linear and your reversible

none of these

22. The expectancy theory related to organizational change focuses ______.

on extrinsic behavior

the belief that people's behavior is related to certain outcomes

on rewards that have different values for different individuals

all of these

23. Lewin's theory related to organization change was ______.

borrowing concepts from physics

cognitive

integrated driving forces and restraining forces

none of these

24. Likert's contribution of his four system model of organizations ______.

categorized organizations according to their management approach

declared four main categories of management approaches

used seven behavioral functions within organizations

all of these

25. In an article by Amis, Slack, and Hinings (2004), evidence was presented showing that effective organization change begins with ______.

a charismatic leader

sudden bursts of a radical nature

muddled messages of the effect of changes

none of these

26. The conceptual models for understanding organization change are ______.

easy to replicate

substantially similar in presenting overlapping frameworks for understanding how change can occur

psychologically based

sociologically based

27. When considering the broad conceptual framework on process and planned change, the conclusion is that ______.

it is obvious as to how for development theories within that framework

it includes an advocacy component to the explanations

they are consistent with other theories

none of these

28. The schools of thought involving content and process have ______.

evolved independently with little theoretical or empirical synergy

different names for the same methodology

our intuitive

none of these

29. The process models of organization and individual change are ______.

linear

sequential

nonlinear

none of these above

30. Schein Lewin's three-step theory includes ______.

substeps

identifying that the three steps overlapped

40 years of work after Lewin

all of these