Reference no: EM132218487

Research Study

You can select ONE of the following two tasks.

1. Internet of Things (IoT)means network of physical devices, vehicles, home appliances and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and connectivity which enables these objects to connect and exchange data. IoT heavily depends on wireless communications as most of these 'things' are connected wirelessly. You are asked to perform a literature survey on wireless communication protocols and technologies used in IoT and mechanisms to maintain data feeds from the connected devices. Based on the literature survey you should submit 2 pages abstract in IEEE format and 5-10 mins video made by you explaining the abstract.

2. Network security is an important consideration in wireless communication as the transmission is unguided. An intruder may easily use an antenna to detect the signals and decode the messages if proper security measures are not in place. You should perform a literature survey on modern wireless security strategies and challenges and identify the pros and cons of these strategies. Based on the literature survey you should submit 2 pages abstract in IEEE format and 5-10 mins video made by you explaining the abstract.

Case study
Wireless sensor network (WSN) can be defined as a group of spatially dispersed and dedicated sensors for monitoring and recording the physical conditions of the environment and organizing the collected data at a central location. WSNs measure environmental conditions like temperature, sound, pollution levels, humidity, wind, and so on. There has been tremendous research on how to use WSN technology in Agriculture and Livestock industry - one of the key sectors of Australian exports. Sense-T is one such initiative based in Tasmania and the network has proven it could help farmers by providing useful information in decisions making. Observing these positive results, recently a
livestock giant VicStock came up with an idea to use a WSN in their farms to monitor the animals' health and behaviour.

The proposed pilot project will be implemented in one of their farms located in Gippsland area called MaffraStock. This farm is a 3 km x 3 km square shaped land and has got various types of animals including cattle, sheep and camel. The total number of animals is 2500. The plan is to tag each animal with a device equipped with sensors, a GPS tracker and an accelerometer that monitors the motion. One device generates 5 kB data per minute and there is a central node at the middle of the farm to collect data from all the sensors. This central node multiplexes data from all the sensors and uploads to a cloud based IoT platform through a wireless ISP link so that VicStock can analyse trends and detect anomalies.

Planning to avoid licensing costs, the WSN uses ISM frequency bands for signal transmission. The ambient temperature around the farm is 200C which causes a small amount of thermal noise. However, it is found that thermal noise is only 5% of the total noise experienced by WSN channels.

a) Select a suitable frequency band for WSN and give reasons for your selection.

b) Calculate the channel capacity (minimum data rate) required for:

I. One sensing device to control centre channel

II. Control centre to ISP channel

c) For both the channel types calculate the following noise levels experienced:

I. Thermal noise

II. Total noise experienced

d) It is expected to maintain SNR of 63 at the control centre for sensor signals.

I. Calculate the signal power received at control centre from one sensing device.

II. Calculate the bandwidth of the sensing device to control centre channel.

III. What will be the bandwidth of the multiplexed channel if FDM scheme is used?

e) Calculate the maximum free space loss experienced by the signals sent from sensors. (Assume control centre is located exactly at the centre of the landscape)

f) Determine the required transmission signal strength if other impairments such as attenuation and fading causes loss of 30% in signal power during the propagation from sensors to the control centre.

g) With your general knowledge in agriculture sector and business suggest functionalities for the cloud application to effectively use sensor data.

h) Suggest how IoT platforms can help the implementation of WSN. (Research in google to find answer for this)

Assignment

Part I: Encoding and error control

Sam is a computer science student and working on a new micro robot design. The robot continuously sends every two seconds a status string comprising the accelerometer reading (4 bits), ultrasound obstacle detection (6 bits), motor functionality (4 bits) and battery power level (2 bits).

a) Calculate the data rate required for robot to remote controller communication

b) Explain 3 types of suitable encoding techniques could be used to encode the status string.

c) At a certain instance, the sensors provided data as acceleration 5 m/s2, obstacle at 48 cm, all motors working (i.e. motor functionality 1111), and battery is 75%.

i. Write the status string in binary for this instance

ii. Represent the status string on ASK, FSK, and PSK encoding techniques

d) Calculate the CRC for the status string derived in c) with polynomial divisor 11001101

e) Briefly explain some other error control and flow control techniques that Sam can use to ensure the accuracy of robot control

Part II: Multiplexing and multiple access

Multiplexing plays an important role in communication as it allows the combination of multiple streams together. Different multiplexing techniques are used for various applications.

a) Explain TDM, FDM and CDMA multiplexing techniques with suitable diagrams

b) Main air interface in the change from 3G to 4G and WiMAX. Explain how OFDM is different from above techniques and the special feature of signals used by OFDM

c) IEEE 802.11ac wireless LAN standard uses 40 MHz total bandwidth in OFDM scheme.

i. For 48 subscribers what should be the subcarrier bandwidth ( fb ) ?

ii. Propose a suitable subcarrier bit time of T to achieve orthogonality

iii. Explain how OFDM overcomes the issue of inter symbol interference (ISI)

Part III: Wi-Fi

Prime Living is a real estate company based in Victoria and you work form them as a consultant network engineer. The company has decided to open a new office in South Eastern suburbs and the floor plan of the building is shown below. The office consists of 5 rooms and on average 8 employees work at each room. The lounge is used by both staff and customers and on average about 25 devices connect to Wi-Fi. The clients wants you to design the network for them with at least 100 Mbps data rate for all wireless connections. As resources you've got one distribution system and few access points of 10 m range.

a) Design the network specifying the locations of access points and distributions system showing the backbone network.

b) Calculate the BSS and ESS sizes

c) Calculate the throughput for the DS

d) Recommend a suitable IEEE substandard for the network and give reasons for your choice

e) Recommend suitable security strategies for the network

Task

Part A:

Answer the following questions:

1. Search the web for news on computer security breaches that occurred during April-August 2015-2018. Research one such reported incident. Prepare a report focusing on what the problem was, how and why it occurred and what are the possible solutions.

Length: Around 800 words

2. Explain why asynchronous I/O activity is a problem with many memory protection schemes, including base/bounds and paging. Suggest a solution to the problem.

Length: Around 600 words

Part B:

1. Research the 2011 Sony PlayStation Network outage case on the web and prepare a report focusing on the following questions:

• What was the problem?

• Who were affected and how?

• How was the attack carried out?

• What could have been done to prevent the attack?

Length: Around 900 words