Reference no: EM133975293

Questions:

1. Define or describe the third variable problem and the directionality problem. Explain the actions used in an experiment to avoid these two problems.
2. Define extraneous variable and confounding variable. Describe two methods used to prevent extraneous variables from becoming confounding variables.
3. Explain why random assignment is used.
4. Explain why simulations and field studies are used.
5. Describe the major difference between within-subjects and between subjects designs.
6. Describe how holding the variable constant as a way to keep participant characteristics from becoming confounding variables in between- subjects designs can limit the external validity of the results.
7. What steps can a researcher take to limit the variability within treatments?
8. Why is it important in between-subjects designs to keep the different groups of participants as similar as possible?
9. Explain how order effects can create problems in a within-subjects design.
10. Explain how the process of counterbalancing attempts to keep order effects from becoming a confounding variable in a within-subjects design.
11. Describe the advantages of the within-subjects design.
12. Describe the disadvantages of the within-subjects design.