Reference no: EM133484885
Questions:
1) Describe the functions of the digestive system. Compare and contrast ingestion, digestion, absorption and excretion. Compare and contrast mechanical digestion and chemical digestion, giving examples of both.
2) Trace the path that food takes as it travels from your mouth to the anus. (Be sure to name all 3 parts of the small intestine and the 3 parts of the large intestine.)
3) Where does mechanical digestion begin? Which organ completes the mechanical digestion of a meal?
4) Define chemical digestion. Where does chemical digestion begin? Which other organs participate in chemical digestion? Where does MOST chemical digestion take place?
5) What is the final end product of protein digestion? Carbohydrate digestion? Fat digestion? Which are absorbed into capillaries and which are absorbed into the lacteal?
6) Where does absorption begin? Where does MOST absorption take place?
7) What is the job of cholecystokinin (CCK)? Which organ makes and secretes it? How is it related to jejunostomy tubes?
8) What is the role of intrinsic factor? Which cells make and secrete it?
9) What are the roles of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum and large intestine?
10) Gastric fluid is highly acid. What is its pH? What parts of the intestinal tract make bicarbonate? Why is bicarbonate needed in the digestive tract?
11) What are four roles of HCl in the digestive tract? Which stomach cells make HCl?
12) What is the name of the first part of the small intestine? What 3 important things happen there?
13) Which enzymes digest carbohydrate? Explain starch digestion from the mouth until it arrives at the heart
14) Which enzymes digest fats? Explain fat digestion from the mouth until it arrives at the heart. What are chylomicrons? What are micelles?
15) Which group of enzymes digests proteins? Explain protein digestion from the mouth until it arrives at the heart.
16) Name 4 individual enzymes that break peptide bonds (digest proteins and polypeptides). Where is each made? How are they different from each other? Chymotrypsin, pepsin, carboxypeptidase, trypsin
17) What are zymogens? What are proenzymes? Describe three digestive system zymogens that are activated bydifferent means. Explain the mode of activation of each, where they work, what they digest and the pH at whichthey do their jobs. Chymotrypsin, pepsin, carboxypeptidase, trypsin.
18) Describe the 'brush border'. Why is it important? Explain brush border enzymes in general and 2 enzymesspecifically including at least one protease.
19) Why is bile added to the food we are digesting? Where is bile added? What is the name of the substance in bilethat helps you digest fat? How does it work? What is the job of the gallbladder? What is emulsification?
20) Describe the path that blood takes from the intestinal capillaries to the heart.
21) Nutrition absorbed by the capillaries of the small intestine travels first to the liver. How does that happen?
22) What level of blood cholesterol is considered too high? Besides medication, how can you lower your bloodcholesterol levels? Which single change lowers cholesterol most?
23) What is LDL? What is HDL? What is pectin and how can it benefit your health?
24) What causes heartburn?