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How much oxygen is attually consumed depends on the extent to which the waste is biodegradable, that is. amenable to oxidation by microbes. Ammonia is totally biodegradable, and thus the theoretical nitrogenous oxygen demand (NOD) and the nitrogenous biochemical oxygen demand ultimately exerted (NBOD) are equal. Not so for carbonaceous com-pounds: the carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand ultimately exerted (CBOD) may be significantly less than the ThOD if the compound is poorly degradable. To test this. oxygen consumption is measured in the laboratory, inhibiting the oxidation of ammonia so that only carbonaceous oxygen de-mand is exerted. The measurement is made over a period of five days, yielding the 5-day carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (COOD5). The waste from Problem 5-8 was found to have a CBOD5 of 90 mg/L and
Problem 5-8
Organic carbon (C) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3) are oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrate (NO3-) respectively, by bacteria that are naturally present in wastewater and in natural systems such as lakes and rivers. Both of these reactions consume oxygen and may cause a negative impact on water quality. The amount of oxygen theoretically required to consume a carbonaceous (ThOD) or nitrogenous (NOD) waste may be calculated according to the stoichiometry of the reactions as outlined in this chapter. The production of coke, a fuel produced from coal for use in steel mills, generates a waste gram rich in ammonia, phenol, and naphthalene. Calculate the NOD and ThOD of a waste containing 25 mg/L of ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), 50 ing/L of phenol (C6H5OH). and 150 mg/L of naphthalene (C10H8). What is the total theoretical oxygen demand of the waste?
Three cables (AD, BD and CD) are used to hang a circular disc. The radius of the disc is 50 cm and it has a weight of 500 N. Draw a free body diagram and determine the force in each of the cables, AD, BD and CD using vector analysis. Write these f..
The structure shown below is made of structural A-36 steel. The left post is a solid round steel member with a diameter of 6 inches. The right post is a square steel member which is 6 inches square. The horizontal member is a solid steel beam with..
The traffic on the one-way main street shown below may be satisfactorily described by a Poisson process with an average rate of arrival of 8 cars per minute. A driver (indicated by the box) on the side street is waiting to cross the main street.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has published the following data for municipal solid waste generation (in millions of tons). Estimate a value of MSW generation in the year 2025.
Does the mass of every molecule in the mixture equal the apparent molar mass?
The Pomdeterra wastewater treatment plant produces thickened sludge that has a suspended solids concentration of 3.8 percent. They are investigating a filter press that will yield a solids concentration of 24 percent.
A 25' wide and 35' high concrete dam with a 25' deep and .3' wide cutoff wall at theupstream end of the dam is retaining 25' of water. Bottom of this dam is 5' below the surface of the soil. Assuming zero tail water, please answer the following quest..
a cm reactor receives influent containing 10.0 mgl of tracer for 2 h. then tracer addition is terminated but the flow
Determine the surface area of a primary settling tank sized to be handle a maximum hourly flow of 0.570 m3/s at an overflow rate of 60 m/day.If the effective tank depth is 3.0 m,what is the effective theoretical detention time?
A solution containing 30% methanol (by mol) is flashed to 1 bar, 70.82°C. Determine the phase of the system; if 2 phases, report the compositions and relative amounts of each phase.
Plot the distribution of vertical stress increase at the edges and at the center of one of the silos up to a depth of 16 m. Assume the soft clay layer is semi-infinite and the concrete slab is flexible. Use a spreadsheet to tabulate and plot your ..
A very long rectangular channel connects two reservoirs and has a longitudinal slope of 0.005. The channel has a width of 10 m and a Manning's n of 0.030.
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