Reference no: EM133399708

Assignment:

1. After Adam was stung by a bee he became frightened not only of bees, but of all flying insects. This example illustrates:

• shaping.
• adaptation.
• spontaneous recovery.
• stimulus generalization.

2. If you reinforce the members of your study group by giving them a snack after 1 hour of studying, after 30 minutes of studying, and then after 45 minutes of studying so that the time between the provision of snacks is unpredictable, you would be applying a _____ reinforcement

• schedule.
• fixed-interval
• variable-interval
• fixed-ratio
• variable-ratio

3. Bandura's "Bobo doll" experiments were intended to demonstrate:

• latent learning.
• insight.
• shaping.
• observational learning.

4. When examining the correlation between media exposure and aggression it can be noted that parents may play a role in the results. This presents the issue of:

• the placebo effect.
• observer bias.
• experimenter bias.
• the third variable.

5. The _____ is a stimulus that does not cause a relevant automatic or reflexive response.

• NS
• UR
• CR
• US

6. In one company, a team of associates is selling a consumer product over the telephone. For every tenth sale, associates receive a $100 cash bonus. The bonus is delivered on a _____ reinforcement

• schedule.
• variable-ratio
• fixed-interval
• fixed-ratio
• variable-interval

7. _____ occurs when a conditioned response that had been extinguished reappears.

• Stimulus discrimination
• Spontaneous recovery
• Stimulus generalization
• Successive approximation

8. A researcher showed participants pictures of different-colored pens. Some pen colors were paired with pleasant music, and others were paired with unpleasant music. Participants were more likely to choose the pen colors associated with pleasant music than they were the pen colors associated with unpleasant music. In this study, the conditioned stimulus was the _____, and the conditioned response was the _____.

• type of music; liking for the pen
• type of music; liking for the music
• pen color; liking for the music
• pen color; liking for the pen

9. Dr. Zhuo is a developmental psychologist talking to parents about the issue of children viewing violent media. Dr. Zhuo's take home message to parents is that according to research:

• violence is innate in some children so the content of media doesn't matter.
• parents should limit and supervise the amount of time children spend with electronic media.
• more screen time is recommended to desensitize children to media's violent message.
• this is a developmental phase for children, so parents need to exercise patience in their child's behavior.

10. When Cesar Millan came to the United States, he noticed that many dogs were humanized and:

• many Americans didn't know how to communicate with them.
• behaved in a well-adjusted manner.
• behaved very similarly to the dogs that he had grown up with on a ranch in Mexico.
• that Americans treated them in a way that gave the dogs satisfying lives.

11. In order to administer positive reinforcement, a(n):

• unpleasant stimulus is removed following a behavior.
• desirable stimulus is added following a behavior.
• unpleasant stimulus is added following a behavior.
• desirable stimulus is removed following a behavior.

12. June's cat runs to the kitchen when he hears the electric can opener but not when he hears a blender. June's cat is demonstrating stimulus:

• shaping.
• recovery.
• generalization.
• discrimination.

13. Which promotion exemplifies the use of a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement?

• A café has a two-for-one deal every Monday morning.
• A café prints "You are a winner!" on random coffee lids; patrons who receive one of these lids can redeem it for a free beverage.
• A café offers its customers a punch card. Each time a patron purchases a beverage, a hole is punched. When the card has 10 punched holes the patron receives a free beverage.
• Every now and then, a café announces a two-for-one deal on Facebook, so people must check the café's page occasionally to see if the promotion is available.

14. The classic Bobo doll experiment by American psychologist Albert Bandura and his colleagues revealed that children were:

• equally likely to imitate models who were either rewarded or punished for their aggressive behavior.
• more likely to imitate models who were punished for their aggressive behavior.
• reluctant to adopt aggressive ways that they saw modeled by adults.
• more likely to imitate models who were rewarded for their aggressive behavior.

15. Conditioned taste aversion is a form of:

• observational learning.
• higher order learning.
• operant conditioning.
• classical conditioning.

16. Psychologists use the term _____ to refer to behavior that benefits others.

• operant
• shaping
• prosocial
• observational

17. Jake got yelled at by his mother when he took $20 from her purse and is now less likely to take money without asking permission. This is an example of which type of consequence?

• negative reinforcement
• positive reinforcement
• negative punishment
• positive punishment

18. Dana is a psychology professor who understands schedules of reinforcement. That's why she encourages her students to adopt a steady pattern of studying by:

• exempting students from the final exam if they have received a grade of "A" on their midterm exams.
• giving a quiz every Monday from the first week to the last week of the semester.
• giving smaller quizzes at random times throughout the semester rather than big exams at set times.
• dropping their lowest exam grade if they complete extra credit before the end of the semester.

19. Deepak has an automatic positive reaction to his grandma because she has given him presents many times in the past. He also reacts positively to anyone who looks similar to his grandma. This is an example of stimulus:

• extinction.
• generalization.
• recovery.
• discrimination.

20. Amir classically conditions his dog to salivate in response to the sound of a bag of treats being crumpled. Then Amir continues to crumple the bag but no longer gives the dog a treat. Eventually, the dog stops salivating to the sound of the bag being crumpled. Amir's dog is demonstrating:

• habituation.
• extinction.
• adaptation.
• discrimination.