Reference no: EM132907610
A university collected some data on the amount of money that students spend on textbooks in a typical semester. Here are the dollar amounts: (n = 42)
239 289 304 323 336 432
256 290 307 324 394 433
280 295 310 326 397 440
284 298 314 330 415 445
284 298 315 331 420 446
287 298 319 332 425 447
287 299 321 334 430 447
a) Construct a relative frequency table with six classes (note: the data is ordered)
b) Construct a histogram using class boundaries.
c) Describe the distribution (i.e. skewed left, skewed right, symmetric, can't tell). What is a typical range for the amount of money students spend on textbooks?
-A recent study, published in the British Medical Journal, examined the link between miscarriage and the use of painkillers during pregnancy. Scientists interviewed 1009 women soon after they got positive results from pregnancy tests about their use of painkillers around the time of conception or in the early weeks of pregnancy. The researchers then recorded which of the pregnancies were successfully carried to term.
The results are in table 3.a) What percent of the pregnancies ended in miscarriage?
b) Compute the percent of miscarriages for each of the four groups. Discuss the results.
c) Is this an experiment or an observational study? Describe how confounding variables might affect the results.
d) Aspirin and ibuprofen belong to a class of medications called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or NSAIDs. What percent of women taking NSAIDs miscarried? Does the use of NSAIDs appear to increase the risk of miscarrying? Does the use of acetaminophen appear to increase the risk? What advise would you give pregnant women?
-What percent of all women who miscarried had taken no painkillers?
-Construct a bar graph for the data. Use technology.
Table 3 Does the use of painkillers increase the risk of miscarriage?
Miscarriage Total
Aspirin 5 22
Ibuprofen 13 53
Acetaminophen 24 172
No painkiller 103 762
Total 145 1009