Calculate the mass flow rate of liquid water being sprayed

Assignment Help Chemistry
Reference no: EM131249549

You may need to use a computer program (such as EES or Matlab) to solve simultaneous equations and develop plots.

Please provide detailed working out, show UNITS.

Question 1

200 kg/hr of an aqueous feed solution containing sodium acetate, water and soluble impurity enters an evaporative crystallizer which operates at 60°C. The mass fraction of soluble impurity in the feed solution is 0.007. On an impurity free basis the feed solution contains 12mol% sodium acetate and 78mo1% water. When the solution is exposed to the low pressure in the evaporator, pure water evaporates (i.e. boils &fir concentrating the remaining solution and causing sodium acetate trihydrate crystals to form. The resulting mixture of crystals and solution are then separated in a filter. The product from the filter contains crystals and 0.06lb solution per lb crystals. A saturated solution of sodium acetate also leaves the filter this is called filtrate). The concentration of impurity in the final product crystal s is 0.185%. The solubility of sodium acetate at 60°C is 51.5g sodium acetate per 100g solution.

a. What is the mass fraction of solium acetate a sodium acetate tri-hydrate crystal?

b. Calculate the Following;

- The mass flow rate of water evaporated.
- The total mass flow rates of the product and filtrate streams.
- The (free) moisture consent of the product Crystals.
- The % recovery of sodium acetate across the entire process.

Question 2

The diagram below illustrates a process for drying and pelletizing macro-algae in preparation for biofuel production. The output from the process is 240 kg/min of product pellets (including water). In order to improve the energy efficiency of the overall process, wet air that leaves the dryer is recycled back to the re-heater., where it is mixed with outside air. The outside air enters the re-heater at 29°C and 0.36 bar gauge pressure. Dry air can be assumed to consist of 21% O2 and 79% N2.

(a) What is the total mass flow rate of wet macro-algae fed to the process

(b) If there is no recycling of air, calculate the volumetric flow rate of outside air entering the re-heater.

(c) If 10% of the exiting air is recycled

- Calculate the volumetric flow rate of outside air entering the re-heater.
- Calculate the mass flow rate of dry air (in kg dry airimin) that enters the re-heater in the recycle stream.
- Calculate the mass fraction of water in the air that actually enters the dryer.

(d) Plot the percent exit air recycled (from 0% to 30%) versus!

- The volumetric flow rate of air entering the re-heater.
- The mole fraction of water in the air that actually enters the dryer,

(e) Explain the operational implications of increasing the recycle ratio (energy cost and dryer performance for examples).

904_Recycle Ratio.jpg

Quesbion 3

a) Using a reliable source of climate related information (NASA Bohol,. or MET Office for example), obtain well-labelled graphs which illustrates the relationship between concentration of atmospheric CO2 and global temperature. Provide the reference details for your graphs.

Make sure to obtain a graph describing this relationship over a relevant timeline i.e. relating to the timescale associated with increasing anthropogenic carbon emissions.

b) Use the graph or graphs to derive an equation relating CO2 concentration in the atmosphere and atmospheric Temperature.

c) Provide data for the solubility of CO. in sea water (i.e. the ocean) as a function of temperature. This can be in either graphical tabular or in an equation based format.

d) Show the relevant chemical reaction equations, and explain the cause of ocean acidification as ocean temperature increases.

e) Estimate the following quantities (make sure to provide references/dates for your sources and explain your reasoning and calculations clearly).

-Total quantity of CO2 stored in the ocean.
-Total quantity of CO2 in the atmosphere.

f) Conceptualize and clearly explain your own well-labelled process diagram to describe the major planetary flows of CO2 in and out of the atmosphere la photocopied diagram from a website or lecture slide will receive zero marks). Include the following key systems: atmosphere, ocean, anthropogenic sources of CO2. Neglect ocean sedimentation processes, terrestrial systems (i.e. plants and algae, for example). Provide units for any flows in your diagram.

g) Use your model/process diagram to quantify the effect on atmospheric and ocean temperature over the next ten years given the following scenarios:

1. 5 % annual increase in anthropogenic CO2 emissions.
2. 0% increase in anthropogenic CO2 emissions.
3. 5 % annual decrease in anthropogenic CO2 emissions, DELI

h) According to your model, what increase or decrease in CO2 emissions will keep the Global Temperature Anomaly to below 2oC.

Question 4

A cogeneration plant connected to a raw sugar mill burns bagasse fibre in excess air to produce heat, which is used to produce steam and also electricity. The combustion process occurs inside a furnace and the combustion gases leaving the furnace are referred to as flue gas.
The wet bagasse fibre has 48.7wt% moisture (Le. water). The composition of dry bagasse fibre is shown in the table below:

Cellulose & Hemi-cellulose

C6H10O5

73.5 wt%

Lignin

C9H10O2

22 wt%

Wax, ash.....etc

Non-carbon

4.5 wt%

*The non-carbon component of dry bagasse fibre contains 16.5% elemental sulphur. The remainder is non-combustable and is referred to as ash.

• 1100 metric ton/hr of wet bagasse is burned in 30% excess air
• The mole ratio of CO, to CO in the furnace exhaust gases is 17.2.
• There is 100% conversion of the bagasse fibre in the furnace.
• 90% of the ash and non-combostables fall through a grate at the base of the furnace and 10% of the ash and non-combustables are entrained with the flue gases (this is called fly-ash).
• The furnace exhaust gas (Le. flue gas and fly ash) leaves the top of the furnace at 300°C.
• Air entering the furnace contains 0.013 kg H2O per kg dry air. Dry air contains 21% 0, and 79% N2.

a) Calculate the total molar flow rate of air fed the furnace.
b) Calculate the total molar flow rate of the furnace exhaust gases.
c) Calculate the composition (mol%) of the furnace exhaust gases.

The furnace exhaust gas is fed to a wet scrubber to cool the gases and also to remove all of the remaining ash and non-combustables. Exhaust gas enters the wet scrubber were liquid water is sprayed into the exhaust gas. The cleaned and cooled exhaust gas emerges from the wet scrubber at SOE'C with 47.4mol% water vapour and no fly ash. A liquid slurry stream leaves the base of the scrubber containing water and 150ppm fly ash. 90% of the SO, in the exhaust gas that enters the scrubber reacts with liquid water to produce H2SO4 which leaves the scrubber in the liquid slurry stream.

d) Calculate the mass flow rate of liquid water being sprayed into the wet scrubber.

e) Calculate the ppm of SO2in the cleaned exhaust gas.

What proportion of the exhaust gas must be split and bypassed around the scrubber for the cleaned/recombined exhaust gas to be 100 ppm SO2?

Reference no: EM131249549

Questions Cloud

Marginal utility and weighted marginal utility : Distinguish between marginal utility and weighted marginal utility.
Protect the entire crop : Should the producer adopt a long or short position? How many contracts does the producer need to buy to protect the entire crop? Suppose after 4 months the market price fell to $9/squash. How much higher or lower would the producer's income be com..
What sources of power depend on existence of an organization : What is meant by the phrase "those who govern do so at the consent of those governed"? What source of power does this describe?
Issue with examples from the source materials : Supports the argument or research issue with examples from the source materials - Makes connections between the different sources and deploys them effectively
Calculate the mass flow rate of liquid water being sprayed : Calculate the mass flow rate of liquid water being sprayed into the wet scrubber. Calculate the ppm of SO2in the cleaned exhaust gas.
Was there any implied meaning in the text of your writing : Was there any implied meaning in the text of your writing? Did you ever use emoticons or use all caps? In your written messages, how do you try to convey tone without nonverbal cues? In your spoken messages, how do you think you could have been clear..
What are some liabilities you as an individual incurred : What are some benefits that you as an individual experienced that related directly to the group and its decision-making process? What are some liabilities you as an individual incurred?
Explain the significance of each point on the chart : Draw a production possibilities curve. Label a point inside, on and beyond the curve and explain the significance of each point on the chart.
Determine how a decision will be made : What type of decision rule is likely to encourage the greatest amount of information exchange? the most political behavior? coalition formation among group members? high commitment to the decision? Why?

Reviews

Write a Review

Chemistry Questions & Answers

  Evaluate the standard enthalpy of formation of acetylene

Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of Acetylene (C2H2) from its elements: 2C(graphite) + H2(g) -------- C2H2(g) Use the following equations to calculate

  Write structures for the carbonyl electrophile

Write structures for the carbonyl electrophile and enolate nucleophile that react to give the aldol below. You do not have to consider stereochemistry. Draw the enolate nucleophile in its carbanion form.

  State the specific heat for the metal

It takes 45.0 to raise the temperature of an 10.4 piece of unknown metal from 13.0 to 24.0. What is the specific heat for the metal

  State the neutralization reaction of ammonium hydroxide

Given the reactant side of the total ionic equation for the neutralization reaction of ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) with hydrochloric acid (HCl), write the total ionic equation

  Explain what is the emf of this cell at 5°c

An electrochemical cell is constructed with a zinc metal anode in contact with a 0.052 M solution of zinc(II) nitrate and a silver cathode in contact with a 0.0042 M solution of silver(I) nitrate. What is the emf of this cell at 5°C

  What is the concentration of ni2 ions at equilibrium

Question- A 0.170-mole quantity of NiCl2 is added to a liter of 1.20 M NH3 solution. What is the concentration of Ni2 ions at equilibrium. Assume the formation constant of Ni(NH3)62 is 5.5 × 108

  Explain h2 gas to form ammonia via the equation

The reaction of 50 ml of N2 gas with 150 ml of H2 gas to form ammonia via the equation: n2 + 3 h2-----> 2 NH3...will produce how many ml of ammonia if pressure and temperature are kept constant

  Explain solid naoh is added to solution solution b

Acetic acid, HC2H3O2, is a weak acid (Ka= 1.8 * 10^-5). solution A is 100.0mL of 0.10 M acetic acid, and Solution B is prepare by adding 0.0050 mol solid NaOH to solution A. One more 0.0050 mol of solid NaOH is added to solution Solution B to make..

  Define what volume of 0.455 m koh must be diluted with water

What volume of 0.455 M KOH must be diluted with water to prepare 2.50 L of a solution having a pH of 12.50

  Explain what is effective diffusion coefficient of ch4

What is effective diffusion coefficient of CH4 in the nanochannel at the feed gas conditions? Is Knudsen diffusion important?

  Explain what is the molarity of a solution made

What is the molarity of a solution made by dissolving 8.56 g of sodium acetate in water and diluting to 750mL?the answer is .139, but how

  What mass of water can be heated

Suppose that coal of density 1.5 g/cm3 is pure carbon. (It is, in fact, much more complicated, but this is a reasonable first approximation.)

Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd