Programming the game:

Our class Game follows the pattern above. The core of its initialization section is reproduced below:

// get a reference to the graphics

g = getGraphics();

// the game will count down from 125 gameTicks = 125;

try

{

// get the robot and starry portal images

// an IO exception may occur, hence the try-catch

robotImage = Image.createImage("/res/robot.PNG");

starPortalImage = Image.createImage("/res/portal.PNG");
}
catch (Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}

// create the sprites
robot = new RobotSprite(robotImage, ROBOT_WIDTH, ROBOT_HEIGHT);
starPortal = new Sprite(starPortalImage);

// make the robot's collision rectangle one pixel smaller
// all round, otherwise it can't negotiate the obstacles robot.defineCollisionRectangle
(1, 1, robot.getWidth() - 1, robot.getHeight() - 1);

// move the star portal to the right square starPortal.setPosition(100,140);

// create the layer manager layerManager = new LayerManager();

// add the sprites to the layer manager layerManager.append(robot); layerManager.append(starPortal);

// create the background using a helper method background = createBackground();

// add the background to the layer manager
// it will be behind the sprites because it was appended later layerManager.append(background);

// the first tile of the animated water animatedWaterTileIndex = 2;

This uses the helper method createBackground()mentioned previously. The method returns the background as a TiledLayer of 8 6 8 cells, each 20 6 20 pixels. Placing the code that does this in the helper method helps to streamline the initialization code.

The game loop is as follows:

while (gameTicks >= 0) // loop until time runs out
{
// display the graphics draw(g);

// decrement the game count gameTicks--;

// wait a little before the next frame otherwise
// the animation will be too rapid try
{
Thread.sleep(FRAME_DELAY);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}

// animate the robot robot.nextFrame();

// cycle water through tiles 2, 3, 4, 5 animatedWaterTileIndex ++;
if (animatedWaterTileIndex > 5)
{
animatedWaterTileIndex = 2;
}
background.setAnimatedTile(-1, animatedWaterTileIndex);

// check the key states checkKeyStates();

// check for collisions checkCollisions();

// check robot is within bounds checkRobotInBounds();
}

This uses several helper methods:

• draw(g) is responsible for painting everything visible on screen. The various steps involved have been gathered together into a single method so the main game loop logic will be easier to follow.
• checkKeyStates() checks whether the user has pressed a key; if so, an appropriate message is sent to the robot, telling it to move and in what direction.
• checkCollisions() checks whether the robot has bumped into the background; if it has, its last move is undone, putting it back where it was before. This guarantees that the robot cannot move over the background.
• checkBounds() checks whether the robot has moved outside the boundary of the micro-world. If it is out of bounds, its last move is undone. This guarantees that the robot is confined to the micro-world.

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