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What are the features of embedded SQL? Explain.
Embedded SQL - SQL could be implemented within two ways. It can be used interactively or embedded in a host language or through using API. The use of SQL commands inside a host language (e.g., C, Java, etc.) program is known as embedded query language or Embedded SQL. While same capabilities are supported for a variety of host languages, the syntax sometimes varies. A few of the features of embedded SQL are:
SQL statements could be used while a statement in the host language is permitted. It merges the strengths of two programming environments, the procedural characteristics of host languages and non-procedural character of SQL.
SQL statements could refer to variables (must be prefixed by a colon in SQL statements) described in the host program.
Special program variables (known as null indicators) are used to assign and retrieve the NULL values to and from the database.
The facilities available by the interactive query language are also mechanically available to the host programs.
Embedded SQL along with host languages could be used to accomplish extremely complex and complex data access and manipulation tasks.
Why DML is used for? DML is used to Manipulation and processing of database. DML is provided for manipulation & processing of database. (Data stored in the database is processed
recovey techniques based on deferred update and immediate update
Let consider the given partial relation EMP. Let us make some sub-queries for them EMPNO ENAME JOB SAL DEPTNO 7566
Vertical Fragmentation- Vertical fragmentation groups together only those attributes in a relation that are used jointly by various important transactions. A vertical fragment is d
What are the typical phases of query processing
The participation Constraints shows whether the existence of an entity depends on its being associated to another entity by the relationship type. There are two kinds of participat
What are the disadvantages of relational approach? Disadvantages of relational approach: • Substantial hardware and system software overhead • May not fit all business models •
Data Replication "If a relation R has its copies kept at two or more sites, then it is considered replicated". But why do we replicate a relation? There are several advan
Question : (a) Explain with the help of appropriate examples the difference between ‘Data' and ‘Information'. (b) A digital image is an array of pixels, where each pixel h
Why do you go for sorting your query results? SQL SELECT command to fetch data from MySQL table. Whenever you select rows, the MySQL server is free to return them in any order
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