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User error: This contains errors in the program (e.g., Logical errors) with errors made by online users of database. These types of errors can be avoided by applying some check situations in programs or by limiting the access rights of online users' example, read only. So only updating or insertion operation needs appropriate check routines that perform appropriate checks on the data being modified or entered. In case of an error, some prompts can be passed to user to enable him/her to accurate that error.
Domain Constraint It shows that each attribute in a relation has to contain an atomic value only from the corresponding domains. The data types associated with commercial RDBMS
What are the disadvantages of file processing system? The drawbacks of file processing systems are a) Data redundancy and inconsistency b) Complexity in accessing data
Entities Let us first be aware of the question: What are entities? An entity is an object of concern used to show the things in the actual world, e.g., table, car, bo
What is the way a particular application views the data from the database that the application uses? Sub schema is the way a particular application views the data from the data
Question 1 What do you mean by database management system? Question 2 Write a note on Object-Oriented Model Question 3 Explain Sequential File Organization Question
What is DAG? The class-subclass relationship is shown by a directed acyclic graph.eg: employees can be temporary or permanent. We might be create subclasses temporary \and perm
Association as a cache This association must be updated when any new element is added to it, but testing for overlap using association is more efficient. Figure:
data models are being replaced over years. Reasons and why does that happen?
Dependency Preservation It is obvious that the decomposition must be lossless so that we do not lose any information from the relation that is decomposed. Dependency preservati
What is foreign key? Foreign Key - Let there are two relations in tables R and S. Any candidate key of the relation R that is referred in the relation S is known as the forei
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