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User error: This contains errors in the program (e.g., Logical errors) with errors made by online users of database. These types of errors can be avoided by applying some check situations in programs or by limiting the access rights of online users' example, read only. So only updating or insertion operation needs appropriate check routines that perform appropriate checks on the data being modified or entered. In case of an error, some prompts can be passed to user to enable him/her to accurate that error.
Define the term Domain. For each n every attribute there is a set of permitted values known as the domain of that attribute.
Limitations of File Based System The file-based system has some limitations. The limitations are listed as follows: Isolation and separation of data: When the data is
Consider the relations EMPLOYEE(emp#, name) ASSIGNED_TO(project#, emp#) PROJECT(project#, project_name, chief) Express the subsequent queries in Relational Algebra (i) Ge
Competition entrants can be either Individuals, or Teams. A Team is usually sponsored by a business, and, in that case, the team members would all wear T-shirts with the sponsoring
why shadow copy technique is used?
Explain the integrity constraints: Not Null, Unique, Primary Key with an example each. Is the combination 'Not Null, Primary Key' a valid combination. Justify. Not Null - Shou
What is meant by data-transfer rate? The data-transfer rate is the rate at which data can be retrieved from or kept to the disk.
For each 1: n relationship type R involving two entities E1 and E2, we recognize the entity type (say E1) at the n-side of the relationship type R and contain primary key of the en
Candidate Key: In a relation R, a candidate key for R is a subset of the set of attributes of R, which have the differnt two properties: (1) Uniqueness: N
What is the difference among a database schema and a database state? The collection of information stored in database at particular moment in time is known as database state a
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