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User error: This contains errors in the program (e.g., Logical errors) with errors made by online users of database. These types of errors can be avoided by applying some check situations in programs or by limiting the access rights of online users' example, read only. So only updating or insertion operation needs appropriate check routines that perform appropriate checks on the data being modified or entered. In case of an error, some prompts can be passed to user to enable him/her to accurate that error.
List the Armstrong's axioms for functional dependencies. What do you understand by soundness and completeness of these axioms? Ans: The Armstrong's axioms are: F1:
To delete a particular column in a relation which command is used ? To delete a particular column in a relation ALTER command is used.
Data Manipulation Language Data manipulation language (DML) describes a set of commands that are used to query and change data within existing schema objects. In this case comm
What is meant by heuristic optimisation?Discuss the major heuristics that are applied during query optimisation.
Define physical and logical data independence. How does this architecture help in achieving these? Data independence entails that change in one view must not need a change in t
Explain in detail about Collaboration Diagrams Collaboration diagrams are interaction diagrams which emphasize structural organisation of an object that transmit and receive m
need requirement analysis for database management of stock market
What is a view in SQL? When can views be updated? A view is a virtual table which consists of columns from one or more tables. Through it is same to a table; it is stored in
Define the notation for classes and atrributes The notation for class, attribute, and operations are shown below: Figure: Class with attributes and operations A
What is the difference between WHERE and HAVING clauses?. Predicates in the WHERE clause applies to every tuple while the predicate in the HAVING clause applies to groups.
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