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The External or View Level
The external or view level is the highest level of abstraction of database. It gives a window on the conceptual view, which permits the user to see only the data of interest to them. The user can be either an end user or an application program. There can be a lot of external views as any number of external schemas can be defined and they can overlap each other. It contains of the definition of logical records and relationships in the external view. It also has the methods for deriving the objects such as attributes, entities and relationships in the external view from the Conceptual view.
Logical DBMS Architecture
Define outer union operation of the relational algebra. Compute the outer union for the relations R and S given below. Outer Join - If there are any values in one tabl
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How does a query tree represent a relational algebra expression? Discuss any three rules for query optimisation, giving example as to when should each rule be applied. Ans
Preliminary entities and attributes of human resourse management database management system
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In tuple relational calculus P1 → P2 is equivalent to ? A In tuple relational calculus P1→ P2 is equivalent to ¬P1 V P2. (The logical implication expression A B, meaning
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