The complexity ladder, Data Structure & Algorithms

Assignment Help:

The complexity Ladder:

  • T(n) = O(1). It is called constant growth. T(n) does not raise at all as a function of n, it is a constant. For illustration, array access has this characteristic. A[i] takes the identical time independent of the size of the array A.
  • T(n) = O(log2 (n)). It is called logarithmic growth. T(n) raise proportional to the base 2 logarithm of n. In fact, the base of logarithm does not matter. For instance, binary search has this characteristic.
  • T(n) = O(n). It is called linear growth. T(n) linearly grows with n. For instance, looping over all the elements into a one-dimensional array of n elements would be of the order of O(n).
  • T(n) = O(n log (n). It is called nlogn growth. T(n) raise proportional to n times the base 2 logarithm of n. Time complexity of Merge Sort contain this characteristic. Actually no sorting algorithm that employs comparison among elements can be faster than n log n.
  • T(n) = O(nk). It is called polynomial growth. T(n) raise proportional to the k-th power of n. We rarely assume algorithms which run in time O(nk) where k is bigger than 2 , since such algorithms are very slow and not practical. For instance, selection sort is an O(n2) algorithm.
  • T(n) = O(2n) It is called exponential growth. T(n) raise exponentially.

In computer science, Exponential growth is the most-danger growth pattern. Algorithms which grow this way are fundamentally useless for anything except for very small input size.

Table 1 compares several algorithms in terms of their complexities.

Table 2 compares the typical running time of algorithms of distinct orders.

The growth patterns above have been tabulated in order of enhancing size. That is,   

  O(1) <  O(log(n)) < O(n log(n)) < O(n2)  < O(n3), ... , O(2n).

Notation

Name

Example

O(1)

Constant

Constant growth. Does

 

 

not grow as a function

of n. For example, accessing array for one element A[i]

O(log n)

Logarithmic

Binary search

O(n)

Linear

Looping over n

elements, of an array of size n (normally).

O(n log n)

Sometimes called

"linearithmic"

Merge sort

O(n2)

Quadratic

Worst time case for

insertion sort, matrix multiplication

O(nc)

Polynomial,

sometimes

 

O(cn)

Exponential

 

O(n!)

Factorial

 

 

              Table 1: Comparison of several algorithms & their complexities

 

 

 

Array size

 

Logarithmic:

log2N

 

Linear: N

 

Quadratic: N2

 

Exponential:

2N

 

8

128

256

1000

100,000

 

3

7

8

10

17

 

8

128

256

1000

100,000

 

64

16,384

65,536

1 million

10 billion

 

256

3.4*1038

1.15*1077

1.07*10301

........

 


Related Discussions:- The complexity ladder

Define ordinary variable, Ordinary variable An ordinary variable of a e...

Ordinary variable An ordinary variable of a easy data type can store a one element only

Show that towers of hanoi is o (2n), Question 1 Discuss the advantages of ...

Question 1 Discuss the advantages of implementation checks preconditions Question 2 Write a ‘C' program to search for an item using binary search Question 3 Show that To

Difference between prism''s and kruskal''s algorithm, Difference among Pris...

Difference among Prism's and Kruskal's Algorithm In Kruskal's algorithm, the set A is a forest. The safe edge added to A is always a least-weight edge in the paragraph that lin

Methods, what is folding method?

what is folding method?

B-tree, Draw a B-tree of order 3 for the following sequence of keys: 2,4,9,...

Draw a B-tree of order 3 for the following sequence of keys: 2,4,9,8,7,6,3,1,5,10.and delete 8 and 10

Booth algorithm, what is boot algorithm and some example

what is boot algorithm and some example

C++, #What is the pointer

#What is the pointer

Complexity of an algorithm, What do you mean by complexity of an algorithm?...

What do you mean by complexity of an algorithm? The complexity of an algorithm M is the function f(n) which gives the running time and/or storage space need of the algorithm i

Infix expression into the postfix expression, Q. Write down an algorithm to...

Q. Write down an algorithm to convert an infix expression into the postfix expression.     Ans. Algo rithm to convert infix expression to post fix expression is given as

First class Abstract data type , 3. A function to convert a complex number ...

3. A function to convert a complex number in algebraic form to a complex number in phasor form

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd