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SQL Database:
So, an SQL database is one whose symbols are organized into a collection of tables. Now, shows an SQL table as the current value of an SQL variable, ENROLMENT, but in that connection there are two important points to be made right away. First, the term table variable isn't used in SQL for its counterpart of relation variables. Instead, base relvars are normally referred to as base tables, virtual relvars as views (or viewed tables) and those terms are used in the international standard. Secondly, not every SQL table can be the value of a base table or view. As we shall soon see, table variables and the tables assigned to them are subject to several deviations from relational theory; tables that cannot be assigned to a variable are subject to even more deviations.
Control Structures The Control structures are the most important PL/SQL extension to the SQL. Not only does PL/SQL let you manipulate Oracle data, it lets you process the data
Updating Variables For assignment, SQL uses the key word SET, as in SET X = X + 1 (read as "set X equal to X+1") rather than X: = X + 1 as found in many computer languages.
Effects of NULL for UNIQUE Specification When a UNIQUE specification u for base table t includes a column c that is not subject to a NOT NULL constraint, the appearance of sev
Parameter and Keyword Description: EXIT: An unconditional EXIT statement (i.e., one without a WHEN clause) exits the present loop instantly. The Execution resumes with th
Renaming Columns - SQL SQL has no direct counterpart of RENAME. To derive the table on the right in Figure 4.4 from the table on the left, Tutorial D has IS_CALLED RENAME ( St
Example of Shorthand for a row constraint Example: Shorthand for a row constraint ALTER TABLE EXAM_MARK ADD CONSTRAINT Mark_in_range CHECK (Mark BETWEEN 0 AND 100);
SELECT a.child_fname,a.child_lname,concat(b.parent_title,b.parent_fname), b.parent_lname,b.parent_tphone FROM child a,parent b WHERE a.parent_id=b.parent_id ORDER BY a.child_fnam
Records Records are the items of the type RECORD. The Records have exclusively named fields that can store the data values of various types. And hence, a record treat associate
THEORY OF SPONTANEOUS GENERATION - ABIOGENESIS OR AUTOGENESIS - According to this theory, the existing living communities have originated from non-living organic matter with
Advantages of PL/SQL The PL/SQL is a high-performance transaction processing, completely portable language that offers the following advantages as shown: 1) Support for SQL
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