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SQL Database:
So, an SQL database is one whose symbols are organized into a collection of tables. Now, shows an SQL table as the current value of an SQL variable, ENROLMENT, but in that connection there are two important points to be made right away. First, the term table variable isn't used in SQL for its counterpart of relation variables. Instead, base relvars are normally referred to as base tables, virtual relvars as views (or viewed tables) and those terms are used in the international standard. Secondly, not every SQL table can be the value of a base table or view. As we shall soon see, table variables and the tables assigned to them are subject to several deviations from relational theory; tables that cannot be assigned to a variable are subject to even more deviations.
Using EXTEND To enlarge the size of a collection, use EXTEND. This process has 3 forms. The EXTEND appends one null element to a collection. And the EXTEND(n) appends n null e
Logical Operators The logical operators AND, NOT, and OR follow the tri-state logic shown in table below. The AND and OR are binary operators; NOT is a unary operator.
Example of Shorthand for a row constraint Example: Shorthand for a row constraint ALTER TABLE EXAM_MARK ADD CONSTRAINT Mark_in_range CHECK (Mark BETWEEN 0 AND 100);
Implicit Cursor Attributes The Implicit cursor attributes returns the information about the execution of an INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE, or SELECT INTO statement. The cursor attribu
Object Types An object type is a user-defined complex datatype which encapsulates the data structure along with the functions and procedures required to manipulate the data. Th
LEVEL You use the LEVEL with the SELECT CONNECT BY statement to categorize rows from a database table into a tree structure. The LEVEL returns the level number of a node in a
Example of WHEN or THEN Constraints A concrete example showing how SQL supports WHEN/THEN constraints CREATE TABLE SAL_HISTORY (EmpNo CHAR (6), Salary INTEGER NOT NULL,
Demonstrate your knowledge of PL/SQL programming by writing and thoroughly testing triggers and stored procedures associated with an e-commerce application that provides security l
Providing Results of Queries Expressing queries in SQL is the (big) subject. Here I present just a simple example to give you the flavour of things to come in those chapters.
DBMS_OUTPUT: The Package DBMS_OUTPUT enables you to display output from the PL/SQL subprograms and blocks, that makes it easier to test and debug them. The procedure put_ line
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