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RICS/CISC Architecture
An essential aspect of computer architecture is the design of the instruction set for the processor. The instruction set selected for a specific computer determine the way that machine language programs are constructed. Early computers had simple and small instruction sets, forced basically by the have to minimize the hardware used to implement them. With the advent of integrated circuits as digital hardware became cheaper and computer instructions tend to increase both in complexity and number. Many computers contain instruction sets that include more than hundred and sometimes even more than 200 instructions. These computers also employ a variety of data types and a large number of addressing modes. The trend for computer hardware complexity was influenced by several factors, such as upgrading existing models to provide more customer applications, adding instructions that facilitate the translation from high-level language into machine language programs and striving to develop machines that move functions from implementation of software into hardware . A computer with number of instructions is classified as a Complex Instruction Set Computer and abbreviated CISC.
In the early 1980s, a number of computer designers recommended that computers use fewer instructions with easy constructs so they may be executed much faster within the CPU without having to use memory as frequently. This type of computer is classified as a Reduced Instruction Set Computer or RISC.
program to add two matrices
Multiply two numbers by using shift and rotate instruction
Assume that the registers are initialized to EAX=12345h,EBX =9528h ECX=1275h,EDX=3001h sub AH,AH sub DH,DH mov DL,AL mov CL,3 shl DX,CL shl AX,1 add DX,AX
1. Write an assembly program that adds the elements in the odd indices of the following array. Use LOOP. What is the final value in the register? array1 DWORD 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 6
Write an assembly language program to find the maximum of: y = x 6 - 14x 2 + 56x for the range -2 ≤ x ≤ 4, by stepping one by one through the range. The program should in
Declare 1 constant. This can be done just below the prototype section. Put the following divider above the constant section. ;************************ Constants ****************
Write a 32-bit program which when run, allows the user to select from a menu: (1) Enter a Binary Number (2) Enter a Decimal Number (3) Enter a Hexadecimal Number
a program that display English letters excluding vowels
NAME : Logical Name of a Module: The NAME directive which is used to assign a name to an assembly language program module. The modulecan now be mention to by its declared name.
Interrupt System Based on Single 8259 A The 8259A is contained in a 28-pin dual-in-line package that need only a + 5-V supply voltage. Its organization is shown in given figur
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