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RICS/CISC Architecture
An essential aspect of computer architecture is the design of the instruction set for the processor. The instruction set selected for a specific computer determine the way that machine language programs are constructed. Early computers had simple and small instruction sets, forced basically by the have to minimize the hardware used to implement them. With the advent of integrated circuits as digital hardware became cheaper and computer instructions tend to increase both in complexity and number. Many computers contain instruction sets that include more than hundred and sometimes even more than 200 instructions. These computers also employ a variety of data types and a large number of addressing modes. The trend for computer hardware complexity was influenced by several factors, such as upgrading existing models to provide more customer applications, adding instructions that facilitate the translation from high-level language into machine language programs and striving to develop machines that move functions from implementation of software into hardware . A computer with number of instructions is classified as a Complex Instruction Set Computer and abbreviated CISC.
In the early 1980s, a number of computer designers recommended that computers use fewer instructions with easy constructs so they may be executed much faster within the CPU without having to use memory as frequently. This type of computer is classified as a Reduced Instruction Set Computer or RISC.
) What is the difference between re-locatable program and re-locatable data?
Linking a program The DOS linking program LINK.EXE links the different object modules of function library routines and source program to produce an integrated executable code o
LENGTH : Byte Length of a Label: This directive is not available in MASM. This is used to mention to the length of a data array or a string. MOV CX. LENGTH ARRAY This sta
8237 modes : Intel 8237 can be set to four different type of style of transfer: 1) Single - One transfer at a time, it allow processor access to the bus between transfers
Pin diagram of 8088 : The pin diagram of 8088 is shown in given figure. Most of the 8088 pins and their functions are exactly similar to the corresponding pins of 8086. Hence
ADD: Add :- This instruction adds an immediate contents of a memory location specified in the a register ( source ) or instruction to the contents of another register (destinat
Hold Response Sequence The HOLD pin is examined at leading edge of each clock pulse. If it is received active line by the processor before T4 of the earlier cycle/during the T1
You are to create an assembly program for the MSP430 that correctly measures the wind direction, to a precision of 45° (N, NW, W, SW, S, SE, E, NE), using the MSP430's ADC. Your
write a program assembly language for adding two 3*3 matrix
write a program that calculates the fibonacci series: except for the first two numbers in the sequence
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