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RICS/CISC Architecture
An essential aspect of computer architecture is the design of the instruction set for the processor. The instruction set selected for a specific computer determine the way that machine language programs are constructed. Early computers had simple and small instruction sets, forced basically by the have to minimize the hardware used to implement them. With the advent of integrated circuits as digital hardware became cheaper and computer instructions tend to increase both in complexity and number. Many computers contain instruction sets that include more than hundred and sometimes even more than 200 instructions. These computers also employ a variety of data types and a large number of addressing modes. The trend for computer hardware complexity was influenced by several factors, such as upgrading existing models to provide more customer applications, adding instructions that facilitate the translation from high-level language into machine language programs and striving to develop machines that move functions from implementation of software into hardware . A computer with number of instructions is classified as a Complex Instruction Set Computer and abbreviated CISC.
In the early 1980s, a number of computer designers recommended that computers use fewer instructions with easy constructs so they may be executed much faster within the CPU without having to use memory as frequently. This type of computer is classified as a Reduced Instruction Set Computer or RISC.
SCAS : Scan String Byte or String Word:- This instruction scans a string of words or byte for an operand word or byte specified in the register AL or register AX. The string i
Pointer and Index Registers The pointers contain offset within the specific segments. The pointers BP, IP and SP generally containoffsets within thedata, code and stack segment
how to store a bulk data in a external eeprom
write an assembly program to display triangular star like shape
move a byte string ,16 bytes long from the offset 0200H to 0300H in the segment 7000H..
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MLIL: Unsigned Multiplication Byte or Word: This instruction multiplies an unsigned byte or word by the contents of the AL. The unsigned byte or word can be in any one of the gene
2. Write a program to separate out positive and negative numbers from a given series of 16-bit hexadecimal numbers.
Assume that the registers are initialized to EAX=12345h,EBX =9528h ECX=1275h,EDX=3001h sub AH,AH sub DH,DH mov DL,AL mov CL,3 shl DX,CL shl AX,1 add DX,AX
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