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Recursive Subprograms
The recursive subprogram is the one that calls itself. Think of a recursive call as a call to a few other subprograms that does the similar task as your subprogram. Each recursive call creates a new illustration of any items declared in the subprogram, involving parameters, cursors, variables, and exceptions. Similarly, the new instances of the SQL statements are created at each level in the recursive descent.
Be cautious where you place a recursive call. If you place it within a cursor FOR loop or between the OPEN and CLOSE statements, the other cursor is opened at each call. As a result, your program may exceed the limit set by the Oracle initialization parameter OPEN_CURSORS.
There should be at least two paths through a recursive subprogram: one that lead to the recursive call and one that does not. At least one path should lead to a terminating condition. Or else, the recursion would (theoretically) go on everlastingly. In practice, if a recursive subprograms stray into vast regress, the PL/SQL eventually runs out of memory and raises the predefined exception STORAGE_ERROR.
Using Subqueries A subquery is a query (typically enclosed by parentheses) that appears within another SQL data manipulation statement. If evaluated, the subquery gives a va
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE Statement The EXECUTE IMMEDIATE statement prepare (parses) and instantly executes a dynamic SQL statement or an anonymous PL/SQL block. Syntax:
Using Operator DEREF: You cannot navigate through refs within the PL/SQL procedural statements. Rather than, you should use the operator DEREF in the SQL statement. The DEREF
Using Operator REF: You can retrieve refs by using the operator REF that, like VALUE, takes as its argument a correlation variable. In the illustration below, you retrieve one
Package STANDARD The package named STANDARD defines the PL/SQL atmosphere. The package specification globally declares the exceptions, types, and subprograms that are available
Parameter Modes To define the behavior of formal parameters you use the parameter modes. The 3 parameter modes, IN, OUT, & IN OUT, can be used with any subprogram. Though, a
Assignment Statement: The assignment statement sets the present value of the variable, parameter, field, or element. The statement consists of an assignment target followed by
Operator Precedence The operations within an expression are completed in a particular order depending on their precedence (priority). The table shows the default order of the op
Advantages of Exceptions Using the exceptions for the error handling has many benefits. Without an exception handling, every time you issue a command, you should ensure for th
Parameter and Keyword Description: table_reference: This keyword identifies the table or view that should be accessible when you execute the UPDATE statement, and for wh
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