Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
Avian encephalomyelitis
This is an acute infectious disease of birds (3 weeks old), which is caused by a member of the genus Enterovirus in the family Picornaviridae.
Epidemiology: Virus is transmitted by fecal-oral route. In laying hens, it can be transmitted to the chicks through the eggs.
Clinical signs: The incubation period varies from 2 to 4 weeks. The virus affects particularly the central nervous system of young chicks. The disease is characterized by ataxia and rapid tremors of the head, neck and limbs, hence, the synonym epidemic tremor . Symptoms appear within the first 3 weeks of life, in the form of complete or partial paralysis, unsteady gait and resting on the hocks; a very rapid tremor of the head, neck and tail in some chicks and tremors of the body muscles. The disease in older birds is usually inapparent except for a slight decline of production in laying hens.
Diagnosis: Clinical signs and histopathology are suggestive of the disease. A dense aggregation of lymphocytes in the muscular wall of the proventriculus constitutes a pathognomonic symptom. Confirmatory diagnosis is made by serum neutralization, immunofluorescence and immunodiffusion tests. The virus may be isolated either in cell culture or by inoculating 5-7 day old embryonated hen eggs obtained from antibody free hens by the yolk sac route. The chicks are allowed to hatch and are observed for seven days for signs of encephalomyelitis. It has to be differentiated from Newcastle disease as well as from a range of non-viral causes of central nervous system disease in chickens.
Treatment, prevention and control: Attenuated virus vaccines administered in the drinking water are available. The vaccines are administered after chickens reach 10 weeks of age and are designed to provide protection for chicks during the first 21 days after hatching by ensuring that adequate levels of specific antibodies are transferred from hens to progeny chicks. They are not administered to chicks because they are not sufficiently attenuated nor is there sufficient time to provide protection for chicks hatched into heavily contaminated environment. Inactivated vaccines are also available and are preferred when immunized birds are housed in close proximity to non-immunize chickens.
Explain the Etiology and Clinical Features of Parkinson's disease? The cause of Parkinson's is unknown. Genetic predisposition (in most cases the reason for the death of these
Avian tuberculosis The infection in poultry usually occurs from ingestion of contaminated food and water. The lesions develop in spleen, liver and intestines; less frequently
Q. What is Alzheimer's disease? The Alzheimer's disease is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system in which the patient has progressive dementia and alteration of
Q Are there living beings without cells? Viruses are considered the only living beings that do not have cells. Viruses are constituted by genetic material RNA or DNA enwrapped
A large number of integral proteins in eukaryotes do not traverse the membrane but are anchored in one or other leaflet of the bilayer through covalent attachment to a hydrocarbon
Fracture - It is a break of a bone. Bone fracture are of many types - (i) Green stick fracture - It is merely a crack, the bone remains partly intact. (ii ) Sim
mitochondria?
Compared to platyhelminthes which physiological problem have the cylindrical body of nematodes brought? How was that problem solved? The cylindrical shape of nematodes made imp
The cytoskeleton is a network of very little tubules and filaments spread throughout the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. It is made of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate
Define Antiketogenic Effect of Carbohydrate? Presence of carbohydrates is necessary for normal fat metabolism. In the absence of sufficient carbohydrates, larger amounts of fat
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +1-415-670-9521
Phone: +1-415-670-9521
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd