Logic-based expert systems - artificial intelligence, Computer Engineering

Assignment Help:

Logic-based Expert Systems - Artificial intelligence:

Expert systems are agents which are programmed to make decisions about real world situations. They are put together by utilizing knowledge illicitation techniques to additional information from human experts. A specific fruitful area is in diagnosis of diseases, where expert systems are utilized to select what disease a patient has given their symptoms.

Expert systems are one of the major success stories of Artificial Intelligence. Russell and Norvig give a very nice example from medicine:

"A leading expert on lymph-node pathology describes a fiendishly hard case to the expert system, and checks the system's diagnosis. He scoffs at the response to the system. Only slightly worried, the creators of the system suggest he command the computer for an explanation of the diagnosis.In this casethe machine points out the main factors influencing its decision and explains the subtle interaction of many of the symptoms. Eventually, the experts admit his error."

Often,  the  instructions  from  the  expert  are  encoded  as  if-then  instruct  in  first-order  logic  and  the implementation of the expert system may be fairly simply achieved in a programming language such as Prolog.

We can take our card game from the previous chapter as an instance for the implementation of a logic-based expert system. The instructions were: 4 cards are laid on the table face up. The Player 1 selectsthe first card, and in turns, they take it till they both have two cards each. To see who has won, they each add their 2 card numbers, and the winner is the 1 with the biggest even number. The winner scores the even number they have. If there is no even number, or both players gain the same even number, then the game is draw.

It could be argued that undertaking a minimax search is not very essential for this game, because we could simply just specify a set of rules for each player, so that they select cards rationally., we will derive down some Prolog rules to demonstrate thiswhich specify how player one should select the first card.

For instance, imagine the cards dealt were: 4, 5, 6, 10. In this case, the best selection of action for player 1 is to choose the ten, followed presumably by the 4, because player 2 will pick the 6. We have to abstract from this particular example to the general case: we see that there were 3 even numbers and 1 odd one, so player 1 is guaranteed another even number to match the one they chose. This is also true if there are 4 even numbers. So we have our first rule:

  • If there are 3 or 4 even numbered cards, then player one should choose the highest even numbered card in their first go.

When there are 3 or 4 odd cards it is not hard to see that the most rational action for player one is to select the highest odd numbered card:

  • If there are 3 or 4 odd numbered cards, then player 1 should select the highest odd numbered card in their first go.

The only other situation is when there are 2 even and 2 odd cards. I will leave it as an exercise to convince you that there are no instructions governing the choice of player one's first card: they can simply choose randomly, because they are not going to win unless player two makes a mistake, inthis type of case.


Related Discussions:- Logic-based expert systems - artificial intelligence

Show smtp and electronic mail, One of the very useful things about Internet...

One of the very useful things about Internet is that it enables almost instantly exchange of electronic message (e-mail) across the worlds. E-mail is a standard as well as popular

What do you mean by manual assembly, Q. What do you mean by Manual Assembly...

Q. What do you mean by Manual Assembly? It was an old method which required the programmer to translate every opcode in its numerical machine language representation by search

How is the connectivity established in verilog, How is the connectivity est...

How is the connectivity established in Verilog when connecting wires of different widths? When connecting wires or ports of different widths, connections are right-justified, S

What is high level formatting, Q. What is High level formatting? In any...

Q. What is High level formatting? In any disk system the space at some time in use would become discarded and therefore will be free for other application. Operating system ass

Write a ''c'' functions to arrange the elements of an integer , Write a 'C'...

Write a 'C' functions to arrange the elements of an integer array in such a way that all the negative elements are before the positive elements. The array is passed to it as an arg

Discuss different routing plan adopted in telephone network, Discuss differ...

Discuss different Routing plan adopted in a Telephone network. Hierarchical networks are able of handing heavy traffic where needed, and at similar time use minimal number of t

How can you insert text in dreamweaver, Q. How can you insert text in dream...

Q. How can you insert text in dreamweaver? In Dreamweaver, you can type content directly into a layout cell, or you can cut and paste content from another document into a layou

Dram, DRAM consists of MOSFET's but the technique is to use the drain sourc...

DRAM consists of MOSFET's but the technique is to use the drain source capacitance to hold charge. If charge is present logic '1' is held, no charge logic '0'. As you know capacito

Explain in detail about the random scan display, Explain in detail about th...

Explain in detail about the Random Scan Display   This device using CRT directs the electron beam only to the parts of the screen where a picture is to be drawn. This kind of d

Avoiding overfitting - decision tree learning , Avoiding Overfitting : ...

Avoiding Overfitting : However remember there that in the previous lecture, there is over fitting that common problem in machine learning. Furthermore details to decision tree

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd