How can we minimize problems occurring because of branch., Computer Engineering

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Q. How can we minimize problems occurring because of the branch instructions?

We may use various mechanisms which may minimize the effect of branch penalty.

To keep multiple streams in pipeline in the case of branch
Pre-fetching the subsequent as well as instruction to which branch is to take place
A loop buffer can be used to store instructions of a loop instruction
Predicting whether the branch will occur or not and acting accordingly
Delaying the pipeline fill up until branch decision is taken.

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