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Q. Explain Pulse-Code Modulation?
PCM is the simplest and oldest waveform coding scheme for processing an analog signal by sampling, quantizing, and binary encoding. Figure shows a functional block diagram of a PCM system transmitter. In order to guarantee that the message is band-limited to the spectral extent for which the system is designed, a low-pass filter is introduced. The compressor is rather optional for better performance. Let us assume that the PCM signal is transmitted directly over the baseband channel. Corrupted by the noise generated within the receiver, the PCM signal is shown as the input to the PCM reconstruction function in Figure, which depicts a block diagram of functions (including an optional expandor) needed to receive PCM. The operations of the receiver are basically the inverse of those in the transmitter. The first andmost critical receiver operation is to reconstruct the originally transmitted PCM signal as nearly as possible from the noise-contaminated received waveform. The effect of noise is to be minimized through a careful selection of circuit implementation.
The only knowledge required of the receiver to reconstruct the original PCMsignal iswhether the various transmitted bits are 0s and 1s, depending on the voltage levels transmitted, assuming that the receiver is synchronized with the transmitter. The two levels associated with unipolar pulses of amplitude A are 0 and A, whereas those associated with polar pulses (of amplitudes ±A) are A and -A. It is, of course, better for the receiver if the ratio of the pulse-caused voltage to the noise rms voltage is the largest possible at the time of measurement. Figure shows PCM reconstruction circuits for unipolar, polar, and Manchester waveforms.
Successive-approximation analog to digital converter This converter, shown in Figure, also contains a D/A converter, but the binary counter is replaced by a successive-approxim
What is the function of gate signal in 8254 timer? The 8254 has three independent 16-bit counters, which can be programmed to. Work in any one of possible six modes. Every cou
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i cant imagine of something called complex frequency...i find it important for laplace transformation,but i am lacking the physical explanation,please explain this to me
Q. A three-phase, 60-Hz induction motor runs at almost 1800 r/min at no load, and at 1710 r/min at full load. (a) How many poles does the motor have? (b) What is the per-unit
An intrinsic semiconductor at room temperature has free electrons
Q. Show that the block diagram of Figure can be reduced to the form of Figure. Find G eq (s) and H eq (s).
Explain conduct insulation resistance test on 100 VA inverter used for mobile and Laptop charging sockets? Ans: The insulation resistance of the inverter shall be calculated w
MODULE 2 EXERCISE: OP-AMP CONFIGURATION
Define Shunt Capacitors and Reactors Shunt capacitors absorb leading VArs (i.e. they are used to supply lagging VArs) whereas reactors are used to absorbs lagging VArs. Capacit
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