Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
In Java not all classes must be described separate from each other. You may put the definition of one class under the definition of another class. The class inside class is called an inner class and the enclosing class is called an outer class. So when you prepare an inner class, it is a member of the outer class in much the similar way as other members like attributes, constructors and methods.
Where should we need inner classes? Code without inner classes is hard to maintainable and readable. When you use private data members of the outer class, the JDK compiler provides package-access member functions in the outer class for the inner class to use the private members. That leaves a security hole. We could avoid it using inner classes. Use inner class only when an inner class is only in the context of the outer class and/or inner class may be prepared private so that only outer class can access it. Inner classes are needed primarily to implement helper classes like Comparators, Iterators etc which are needed in the context of an outer class.
Member inner class
Anonymous inner class
public class MyStack {
private Object[] items = null;
...
public Iterator iterator() {
return new StackIterator();
}
//inner class
class StackIterator implements Iterator{
public boolean hasNext(){...}
return new Iterator {
public boolean hasNext() {...}
Class Type
Description
Example +
Class name
Outer
class
Package
member class or interface
Top level class. Only type JVM
can access.
//package scope
class Outside{}
Outside.class
Inner
static nested
class or interface
Defined within the context of the
top-level class. Must be static & can access static members of its having class. No relationship between the instances of outside and Inside classes.
class Outside {
static class Inside{ }
Outside.class ,Outside$Inside.class
Member class
Defined within the context of
outer class, but non-static. Until an object of Outside class has
been started you can't create
Inside.
class Outside{
class Inside(){}
Outside.class , Outside$Inside.class
Local class
Defined within a part of code.
Can use final local variables and final method parameters. Only
visible within the part of code that defines it.
void first() {
final int i = 5;
class Inside{}
Outside.class , Outside$1$Inside.class
Anonymous
Just like local class, but no
name is used. Useful when only one instance is used in a
method. Most naturally used in
AWT/SWING event model, Spring framework hibernate call
back methods etc.
//AWT example
button.addActionListener ( new ActionListener()
{
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { System.out.println("The button was pressed!");
});
Outside.class , Outside$1.class
Describe synchronization in respect to multithreading. With respect to multithreading, synchronization is the capability to control the access of multiple threads to shared res
A framework for building server-side user interfaces for Web applications is written in the Java programming language.
I need to know waht exactly is happining in the following code class Worker implements Runnable { DatagramSocket socket = null; DatagramPacket packet = null; public W
Question Based on the program fragment below, rewrite the outer for loop using: a. while loop b. repeat..until loop
Problem : Compiler Design - Limit the loops Rajni is a newbie to the programming and while learning the programming language he came to know the following rules: ???• Each program
QUESTION 3: Overloaded methods Write the overloaded method named average () for each of the following problems: a) The first method receives THREE (3) integer values and returns
Obtain ONE of the sample applets from Sun Microsystems' Applets page, or any other source for free Java applets you may wish to use. Test the applet, and link it to Part 2 of your
How to design an ogive program in java?
What is the difference among session scope and request scope when saving formbean? Ans) When the scope is request, the values of formbean would be there for the current request.
Explain The Applet in java? The reason people are excited about Java as more than just another OOP language is because it allows them to write interactive applets on the web.
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +91-977-207-8620
Phone: +91-977-207-8620
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd