Explain nested classes (or outer and inner classes) in java?, JAVA Programming

Assignment Help:

 

In Java not all classes must be described separate from each other. You may put the definition of one class under the definition of another class. The class inside class is called an inner class and the enclosing class is called an outer class. So when you prepare an inner class, it is a member of the outer class in much the similar way as other members like attributes, constructors and methods.

 

Where should we need inner classes? Code without inner classes is hard to maintainable and readable. When you use private data members of the outer class, the JDK compiler provides package-access member functions in the outer class for the inner class to use the private members. That leaves a security hole. We could avoid it using inner classes. Use inner class only when an inner class is only in the context of the outer class and/or inner class may be prepared private so that only outer class can access it. Inner classes are needed primarily to implement helper classes like Comparators, Iterators etc which are needed in the context of an outer class.

 

Member inner class

Anonymous inner class

public class MyStack {

private Object[] items = null;

...

public Iterator iterator() {

return new StackIterator();

}

//inner class

class StackIterator implements Iterator{

...

public boolean hasNext(){...}

}

}

public class MyStack {

private Object[] items = null;

...

public Iterator iterator() {

return new Iterator {

...

public boolean hasNext() {...}

}

}

}

 

Class Type

Description

Example +

Class name

 

Outer

class

Package

member class or interface

Top level class. Only type JVM

can access.

//package scope

class Outside{}

 

Outside.class

Inner

class

static nested

class or interface

Defined within the context of the

top-level class. Must be static & can access static members of its having class. No relationship between the instances of outside and Inside classes.

//package scope

class Outside {

static class Inside{       }

}

 

Outside.class ,Outside$Inside.class

Inner

class

Member class

Defined within the context of

outer class, but non-static. Until an object of Outside class has

been started you can't create

Inside.

class Outside{

class Inside(){}

}

 

Outside.class , Outside$Inside.class

Inner

class

Local class

Defined within a part of code.

Can use final local variables and final method parameters. Only

visible within the part of code that defines it.

class Outside {

void first() {

final int i = 5;

class Inside{}

}

}

 

Outside.class , Outside$1$Inside.class

Inner

class

Anonymous

class

Just like local class, but no

name is used. Useful when only one instance is used in a

method. Most naturally used in

AWT/SWING event model, Spring framework hibernate call

back methods etc.

//AWT example

class Outside{

void first() {

button.addActionListener ( new ActionListener()

{

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { System.out.println("The button was  pressed!");

}

});

}

}

 

Outside.class , Outside$1.class

 

 


Related Discussions:- Explain nested classes (or outer and inner classes) in java?

Use array to store values in a program, 1) Listing of the source code ( nam...

1) Listing of the source code ( named Rainfall.java ) for your program 2) Two sample output/execution/runs of your program Optional Group Work: This assignment may be done in

Need java assignment for course, Need Java Assignment for course Project...

Need Java Assignment for course Project Description: I want to get an assignment done. Involves building on a minesweeper game written in Java. You subsequent code is to be u

Which models are supported by jms, Which models are supported by JMS? Pleas...

Which models are supported by JMS? Please, explain them. Ans) Publish or subscribe (pub/sub). This model permits a client (publisher) to send messages to a JMS topic. These mess

Describe about applet security, Describe about Applet Security? The pos...

Describe about Applet Security? The possibility of surfing the Net, wandering across a random page, playing an applet and catching a virus is a fear in which has scared several

Explain the term array and scope of variable, Explain the term array and Sc...

Explain the term array and Scope of Variable? Defining the space in that a variable is effective is known as describing the scope of a variable. A variable can be either local

What are the list interface and its main implementation, What are the List ...

What are the List interface and its main implementation? List helps in collections of objects. Lists may include duplicate elements. Main implementations of List interface are

Event handler, search a file with specific extension

search a file with specific extension

Binary search tree, You will be required to create an ADT for a Binary Sear...

You will be required to create an ADT for a Binary Search Tree (BSTInterface.java). The interface will be implemented as a Binary Search Tree (BST) using a reference based format.

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd