Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
In Java not all classes must be described separate from each other. You may put the definition of one class under the definition of another class. The class inside class is called an inner class and the enclosing class is called an outer class. So when you prepare an inner class, it is a member of the outer class in much the similar way as other members like attributes, constructors and methods.
Where should we need inner classes? Code without inner classes is hard to maintainable and readable. When you use private data members of the outer class, the JDK compiler provides package-access member functions in the outer class for the inner class to use the private members. That leaves a security hole. We could avoid it using inner classes. Use inner class only when an inner class is only in the context of the outer class and/or inner class may be prepared private so that only outer class can access it. Inner classes are needed primarily to implement helper classes like Comparators, Iterators etc which are needed in the context of an outer class.
Member inner class
Anonymous inner class
public class MyStack {
private Object[] items = null;
...
public Iterator iterator() {
return new StackIterator();
}
//inner class
class StackIterator implements Iterator{
public boolean hasNext(){...}
return new Iterator {
public boolean hasNext() {...}
Class Type
Description
Example +
Class name
Outer
class
Package
member class or interface
Top level class. Only type JVM
can access.
//package scope
class Outside{}
Outside.class
Inner
static nested
class or interface
Defined within the context of the
top-level class. Must be static & can access static members of its having class. No relationship between the instances of outside and Inside classes.
class Outside {
static class Inside{ }
Outside.class ,Outside$Inside.class
Member class
Defined within the context of
outer class, but non-static. Until an object of Outside class has
been started you can't create
Inside.
class Outside{
class Inside(){}
Outside.class , Outside$Inside.class
Local class
Defined within a part of code.
Can use final local variables and final method parameters. Only
visible within the part of code that defines it.
void first() {
final int i = 5;
class Inside{}
Outside.class , Outside$1$Inside.class
Anonymous
Just like local class, but no
name is used. Useful when only one instance is used in a
method. Most naturally used in
AWT/SWING event model, Spring framework hibernate call
back methods etc.
//AWT example
button.addActionListener ( new ActionListener()
{
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { System.out.println("The button was pressed!");
});
Outside.class , Outside$1.class
Coarse Grained SOA : Services are also could be coarse grained. E.g: You may have a purchase element with individual functions to make a purchase order, add line items, and a
Jakarta Struts is open source execution of MVC (Model-View-Controller) pattern for the development of web based applications. Jakarta Struts is robust architecture and can be used
Write a program called Power that displays the positive powers of 2. When the user enters the exponent at a prompt, the program displays 2 to that power. The program halts when the
Modify both of the above clients (to write separate clients) to extract the exchange rate from a live web service that performs currency conversion. You can choose a Java or a .NET
Project Requirements Write and test a Java program to play Minesweeper using Model-View-Presenter design (The model is an interface defining the data to be displayed or other
You are part of a team creating a system to keep track of computer science books that a publisher is producing. Create a UML class diagram for a "computer science book". You must h
(Package Inheritance Hierarchy) Package-delivery services, such as FedEx®, DHL® and UPS®, offer a number of different shipping options, each with specific costs associated. Create
Is data has weight and prove it.
Develop Program using Interactive Brokers API Project Description: We require a Matlab function using the Interactive Brokers API for real time trading with three arguments:
The break statement is utilized for terminating the current While or For loop and after that transferring program control towards statement just after the terminated loop. The foll
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +91-977-207-8620
Phone: +91-977-207-8620
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd