Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
In Java not all classes must be described separate from each other. You may put the definition of one class under the definition of another class. The class inside class is called an inner class and the enclosing class is called an outer class. So when you prepare an inner class, it is a member of the outer class in much the similar way as other members like attributes, constructors and methods.
Where should we need inner classes? Code without inner classes is hard to maintainable and readable. When you use private data members of the outer class, the JDK compiler provides package-access member functions in the outer class for the inner class to use the private members. That leaves a security hole. We could avoid it using inner classes. Use inner class only when an inner class is only in the context of the outer class and/or inner class may be prepared private so that only outer class can access it. Inner classes are needed primarily to implement helper classes like Comparators, Iterators etc which are needed in the context of an outer class.
Member inner class
Anonymous inner class
public class MyStack {
private Object[] items = null;
...
public Iterator iterator() {
return new StackIterator();
}
//inner class
class StackIterator implements Iterator{
public boolean hasNext(){...}
return new Iterator {
public boolean hasNext() {...}
Class Type
Description
Example +
Class name
Outer
class
Package
member class or interface
Top level class. Only type JVM
can access.
//package scope
class Outside{}
Outside.class
Inner
static nested
class or interface
Defined within the context of the
top-level class. Must be static & can access static members of its having class. No relationship between the instances of outside and Inside classes.
class Outside {
static class Inside{ }
Outside.class ,Outside$Inside.class
Member class
Defined within the context of
outer class, but non-static. Until an object of Outside class has
been started you can't create
Inside.
class Outside{
class Inside(){}
Outside.class , Outside$Inside.class
Local class
Defined within a part of code.
Can use final local variables and final method parameters. Only
visible within the part of code that defines it.
void first() {
final int i = 5;
class Inside{}
Outside.class , Outside$1$Inside.class
Anonymous
Just like local class, but no
name is used. Useful when only one instance is used in a
method. Most naturally used in
AWT/SWING event model, Spring framework hibernate call
back methods etc.
//AWT example
button.addActionListener ( new ActionListener()
{
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { System.out.println("The button was pressed!");
});
Outside.class , Outside$1.class
What is the role of fonts in java explain with example? You've already seen one instance of drawing text in the HelloWorldApplet program of the last chapter. You call the drawS
In this assignment you work on a set of tasks with the classes Currency, Money and Bank. Money and Currency You have been given a template for the Currency and Money classes (Lab1.
You will be creating a World that consists of ants and doodlebugs. Each time you click the board each bug will do some of the following: move, bread, eat, and starve. Ants will
Question: (a) What are the main differences between an object and a class? Illustrate with appropriate examples. (b) Differentiate between a global variable and a local va
Problem 1 A savings account object holds a non-negative balance, and provides deposit(k ) and withdraw(k ) methods, where deposit(k ) adds k to the balance, and withdraw(k ) subtra
If there exist multiple conditions, the switch statement is suggested. It is because only one expression gets evaluated depending on which control jumps directly to the respective
Explain Drawing Rectangles in java ? Drawing rectangles is easy. Begin with a Graphics object g and call its drawRect() method: public void drawRect(int x, int y, int width, i
Write a program to explain do while loop in Java ? // This is the Hello program in Java class Hello { public static void main (String args[]) { int i = -1; do { if (
Describe Remote Objects A Remote Object is one whose functions can be called from another JVM. A remote object class must execute the Remote interface. A RMI Server is an appl
Classifieds Android app from my Word press Classifieds website with Google gps/ map augmented reality for ads Project Description: 1. Prepare an Android Classifieds app for m
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +91-977-207-8620
Phone: +91-977-207-8620
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd