Explain nested classes (or outer and inner classes) in java?, JAVA Programming

Assignment Help:

 

In Java not all classes must be described separate from each other. You may put the definition of one class under the definition of another class. The class inside class is called an inner class and the enclosing class is called an outer class. So when you prepare an inner class, it is a member of the outer class in much the similar way as other members like attributes, constructors and methods.

 

Where should we need inner classes? Code without inner classes is hard to maintainable and readable. When you use private data members of the outer class, the JDK compiler provides package-access member functions in the outer class for the inner class to use the private members. That leaves a security hole. We could avoid it using inner classes. Use inner class only when an inner class is only in the context of the outer class and/or inner class may be prepared private so that only outer class can access it. Inner classes are needed primarily to implement helper classes like Comparators, Iterators etc which are needed in the context of an outer class.

 

Member inner class

Anonymous inner class

public class MyStack {

private Object[] items = null;

...

public Iterator iterator() {

return new StackIterator();

}

//inner class

class StackIterator implements Iterator{

...

public boolean hasNext(){...}

}

}

public class MyStack {

private Object[] items = null;

...

public Iterator iterator() {

return new Iterator {

...

public boolean hasNext() {...}

}

}

}

 

Class Type

Description

Example +

Class name

 

Outer

class

Package

member class or interface

Top level class. Only type JVM

can access.

//package scope

class Outside{}

 

Outside.class

Inner

class

static nested

class or interface

Defined within the context of the

top-level class. Must be static & can access static members of its having class. No relationship between the instances of outside and Inside classes.

//package scope

class Outside {

static class Inside{       }

}

 

Outside.class ,Outside$Inside.class

Inner

class

Member class

Defined within the context of

outer class, but non-static. Until an object of Outside class has

been started you can't create

Inside.

class Outside{

class Inside(){}

}

 

Outside.class , Outside$Inside.class

Inner

class

Local class

Defined within a part of code.

Can use final local variables and final method parameters. Only

visible within the part of code that defines it.

class Outside {

void first() {

final int i = 5;

class Inside{}

}

}

 

Outside.class , Outside$1$Inside.class

Inner

class

Anonymous

class

Just like local class, but no

name is used. Useful when only one instance is used in a

method. Most naturally used in

AWT/SWING event model, Spring framework hibernate call

back methods etc.

//AWT example

class Outside{

void first() {

button.addActionListener ( new ActionListener()

{

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { System.out.println("The button was  pressed!");

}

});

}

}

 

Outside.class , Outside$1.class

 

 


Related Discussions:- Explain nested classes (or outer and inner classes) in java?

Questions pseudocodes, 1. Write the pseudocode to get the input of 10 integ...

1. Write the pseudocode to get the input of 10 integers from the user and add them up and output the total. (4 points) 2. Compute the output of following pseudocode. Assume that

Use array to store values in a program, 1) Listing of the source code ( nam...

1) Listing of the source code ( named Rainfall.java ) for your program 2) Two sample output/execution/runs of your program Optional Group Work: This assignment may be done in

Help, I can''t figure out how to do this question: "Given two linear equati...

I can''t figure out how to do this question: "Given two linear equations: ax + by + c = 0 and dx + ey + f = 0" solve for x and y. A, b, c, d, e, and f being inputted from the user.

Java collection framework., #question.Write a program that computes the edi...

#question.Write a program that computes the edit distance (also called the Levenshtein distance, for its creator Vladimir Levenshtein) between two words. The edit distance between

What do you mean by auto wiring, The Spring container is able to autowire r...

The Spring container is able to autowire relationships among collaborating beans. This means that it is possible to automatically let Spring resolve collaborators (other beans) for

I need social mobile application, Project Description: I'm using a php s...

Project Description: I'm using a php script called phpfox on my site its work as social network . So I need is to use this script as CMS for my application. What users wil

Java application for create-read-update in table, You are required to imple...

You are required to implement a Java application that allows a user to create, read, update and delete data in a table in a MySQL database. Your program must use a Java class that

Why we avoiding short circuits, Why we Avoiding Short Circuits ? If you...

Why we Avoiding Short Circuits ? If you need all of your boolean expressions evaluated regardless of the truth value of each, then you can use & and | instead of && and ||. The

Vigenere Cipher decryption unknown key, I need help writing this code eithe...

I need help writing this code either in java or in python. basically the steps are described here in this youtube video or">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LaWp_Kq0cKs or this is

I want android app notes, I want Android App Notes Project Description: ...

I want Android App Notes Project Description: Seeking a developer to create a simple note application I don't need all the visualize features. I just want the user to t

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd