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Consider a database whose universe is a finite set of vertices V and whose unique relation .E is binary and encodes the edges of an undirected (resp., directed) graph G: (V, E). Each undirected edge between the nodes o and u (resp., directed edge from the node v to the node u) is encoded by the two atoms E (v, u) and E (u, v) (resp., by the single atom E (v, u)).
Consider the pairs of stucture (undirected (resp., directed) graphs) shown in Fig. 1. Suppose that the graphs are encoded in a database as explained above. For each pair, answer the following questions:
1. What is the smallest quantifier rank k for which the spoiler wins the k-move Ehrenfeucht-Fraisse game on the pair of structure?
2. Derive a Boolean first-order query from your winning strategy that is true on one structure but not on the other (you can use the equality relation between vertices).
HE IGHTS AND DISTANCES If the angle of elevation of cloud from a point 'h' meters above a lake is α and the angle of depression of its reflection in the lake is β , prove
A non-empty set or group of which all the sets under concern are subsets is known as the universal set. In any part of application of set theory, all the sets under concern might l
In this section we will consider for solving first order differential equations. The most common first order differential equation can be written as: dy/dt = f(y,t) As we wil
Example Evaluate following limits. Solution Here our first thought is probably to just "plug" infinity into the polynomial & "evaluate" every term to finds out the
Bonnie has twice as many cousins as Robert. George has 5 cousins, which is 11 less than Bonnie has. How many cousins does Robert have? Work backwards to find the solution. Geor
project
performs the mentioned operation and write the answers in standard form. ( -4 + 7 i ) + (5 -10 i ) Solution Actually there isn't much to do here other than add or subt
a business is owned by three people.the first owns 1/12 of the business and the second owns 1/6 of the business. what fractional part of the business is owned by the third person
show that, sin 90 degree = 2 cos 45 degree sin 45 degree
i dont understand it can you help
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