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Declaring and Initializing Objects:
An object type is once defined and installed in the schema; you can use it to declare the objects in any PL/SQL, subprogram, block or package. For illustration, you can use the object type to specify the datatype of a column, attribute, variable, bind variable, table element, record field, formal parameter, or function result. At the run time, instances of the object type are formed that is, the objects of that type are instantiated. Each object can hold various values. These objects follow the usual scope and instantiation rules. In a subprogram or block, the local objects are instantiated whenever you enter the block or subprogram and cease to exist when you exit. In a package, the objects are instantiated when you first reference the package and cease to exist whenever you end the database session.
Avoid the NOT NULL Constraint In the PL/SQL, using the NOT NULL constraint incur a performance cost. Consider the illustration as shown below: PROCEDURE calc_m IS m NUMB
Attributes: Just similar to variable, an attribute is declared with a name and datatype. The name should be exclusive within the object type. The datatype can be any Oracle ty
EXECUTE Privilege To call an invoker-rights routine straightforwardly, the users should have the EXECUTE privilege on that routine. By yielding the privilege, you permit a user
What Are Cursor Variables ? The Cursor variables are like C or Pascal pointers that hold the memory location (address) of some item rather of the item itself. Therefore, decl
DELETE Statement The DELETE statement eliminates whole rows of data from the specified table or view. Syntax:
Committing and Rolling Back The COMMIT and ROLLBACK end the active autonomous transaction but do not exit the autonomous routine. As the figure shows, if one transaction ends,
%ISOPEN The Oracle closes the SQL cursor automatically after executing its related SQL statement. As a result, the %ISOPEN forever yields FALSE.
set serveroutput on declare a number(5); b number(5); c number(5); begin a:=&a; b:=&b; c:=a/b; dbms_output.put_line(c); exception when zero_d
UNION and OR - SQL SQL supports UNION explicitly but differently from the way it supports JOIN explicitly. As we have seen, JOIN is used exclusively within the FROM clause, su
Why Use Cursor Variables ? Primarily, you use the cursor variables to pass the query result sets between the PL/SQL stored subprograms and different clients. Neither PL/SQL nor
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