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Declaring and Initializing Objects:
An object type is once defined and installed in the schema; you can use it to declare the objects in any PL/SQL, subprogram, block or package. For illustration, you can use the object type to specify the datatype of a column, attribute, variable, bind variable, table element, record field, formal parameter, or function result. At the run time, instances of the object type are formed that is, the objects of that type are instantiated. Each object can hold various values. These objects follow the usual scope and instantiation rules. In a subprogram or block, the local objects are instantiated whenever you enter the block or subprogram and cease to exist when you exit. In a package, the objects are instantiated when you first reference the package and cease to exist whenever you end the database session.
which operation is used if we are interested in only certain columns of a table?
Using a join on 2 tables, select all columns and 10 rows from the 2 tables without the use of a Cartesian product. Query: SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE1 E JOIN STAFF S ON E.EMP_
set serveroutput on declare a number(5); b number(5); c number(5); begin a:=&a; b:=&b; c:=a/b; dbms_output.put_line(c); exception when zero_divide then d
Comparison Operators The Comparison operators can compare one expression to another. The outcome is always true, false, or null. Usually, you use a comparison operators in condi
Initializing Objects: Till you initialize an object by calling the constructor for its object type, the object is automatically null. That is, the object itself is null, not me
Collections: The collection is an ordered group of elements, all of similar type (for illustration, the grades for a class of students). Each element has an exclusive subsc
Defining and Declaring Collections To create the collections, you must define a collection type, and then declare the collections of that type. You can define the VARRAY types a
Structure of an Object Type: Similar to package, an object type has 2 parts: the specification and the body. The specification is the interface to your applications; it declar
Multiple Assignment- SQL SQL supports multiple assignment to local variables and also applies multiple assignment semantics in SET clauses of UPDATE statements, but does not
Renaming Columns - SQL SQL has no direct counterpart of RENAME. To derive the table on the right in Figure 4.4 from the table on the left, Tutorial D has IS_CALLED RENAME ( St
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