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Declaring and Initializing Objects:
An object type is once defined and installed in the schema; you can use it to declare the objects in any PL/SQL, subprogram, block or package. For illustration, you can use the object type to specify the datatype of a column, attribute, variable, bind variable, table element, record field, formal parameter, or function result. At the run time, instances of the object type are formed that is, the objects of that type are instantiated. Each object can hold various values. These objects follow the usual scope and instantiation rules. In a subprogram or block, the local objects are instantiated whenever you enter the block or subprogram and cease to exist when you exit. In a package, the objects are instantiated when you first reference the package and cease to exist whenever you end the database session.
Scope and Visibility The References to an identifier are resolved according to its visibility and scope. The scope of an identifier is that area of a program unit (subprogram, b
Consider the following set of database tables (same tables from Assignment 6-1). Please take note of foreign keys (most of them carry the same names as the corresponding primary ke
Fetching with a Cursor The FETCH statements retrieve the rows in the result set one at a time. After each and every fetch, the cursor advance to the next row in the result set
Use the NOCOPY Compiler Hint By default, the OUT and IN OUT parameters are passed by the value i.e. the value of an IN OUT actual parameter is copied into the corresponding fo
Logical Operators The logical operators AND, NOT, and OR follow the tri-state logic shown in table below. The AND and OR are binary operators; NOT is a unary operator.
Explicit Cursors The set of rows returned by the query can include zero, one, or multiple rows, depending on how many rows meet your search criteria. Whenever a query returns
Effect of Anonymous Columns Now, recall that a VALUES expression denotes a table with undefined column names. If an initial value is to be specified when a base table is creat
UNION ALL - SQL Further varieties of UNION arise when we replace the key word DISTINCT by ALL in any of the foregoing examples, as in Example. ALL specifies that if row r appe
Parameter and Keyword Description: type_name: This identifies a user-defined type specifier that is used in the subsequent declarations of the objects. AUTHID Clause:
SQL Database: So, an SQL database is one whose symbols are organized into a collection of tables. Now, shows an SQL table as the current value of an SQL variable, ENROLMENT, b
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