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Question:(a) The objective of query optimization is to choose the most efficient strategy for implementing a given relational query, thereby improving the system performance. One of the stages of query optimization is to convert the internal form into equivalent and more efficient canonical form, using well-defined transformation rules. Two rules of the transformation rules is given below:Rule 1 - Transform a sequence of restrictions against a given relation into a single (ANDed) restriction.Rule 2 - Transform a restriction of a projection into a projection of a restriction.(i) Explain what is meant by each of the above rules.(ii) Using the relational schema given in Appendix, provide example of each of the above rules.(b) Refer to the relational schema given in Appendix.Assuming that: The Employee relation contains 1000 records among which 300 employee are assigned to departments located in the United States.- The Department relation contains 30 records among which 20 departments are located in United States- The Location relation contains 20 records among which 5 are situated in the United States.(i) Express the following query in SQL:"find the employee Last names and the department names who are working in United States (Location.country_id = US)(ii) Choose two possible methods to evaluate the query, and use the relational algebra to formulate clearly all the steps required in the evaluation. For each method, calculate the number of tuples for all the intermediate relations (namely, size of the intermediate relations) required for each step.
Constants and Variables: You can declare the constants and variables in the declarative section of any PL/SQL subprogram, block, or package. The Declarations allot the stor
Package STANDARD package named STANDARD defines the PL/SQL atmosphere. The package specification globally declares the exceptions, types, and subprograms that are available a
1. Create a procedure called TAX_COST_SP to accomplish the tax calculation task. Keep in mind that the state and subtotal values are inputs into the procedure and the procedure is
Parameter and Keyword Description: table_reference: This keyword identifies the table or view that should be accessible when you execute the UPDATE statement, and for wh
Interesting properties of CROSS JOIN - SQL Compare these with the "interesting properties of JOIN", CROSS JOIN is associative but not commutative. Unlike JOIN and NATURAL JOI
Write a pl/sql block that declares and uses cursors with parameters. In a loop, use a cursor to retrieve the department number and the department name from the departments table
Data Types in SQL - XML, Array, Row BINARY LARGE OBJECT for arbitrarily large bit strings. XML for XML documents and fragments. ARRAY types for arrays.
Complete the following steps to create a procedure to calculate the tax on an order. The BB_TAX table contains the states that require taxes to be submitted for Internet sales. If
Other monadic - SQL In 2VL there are just 4 (2 2 ) monadic operators, of which negation is really the only "useful" one. When a third truth value is introduced we have 27 (3 3
What are 3 good practices of modeling and/or implementing data warehouses?
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