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Assembler:
Typically a modern assembler makes object code by translating assembly instruction into op codes, & by resolving symbolic names for memory locations and any other entities. The use of symbolic references is a crucial feature of assemblers, by saving tiring calculations and manual address updates after program modifications. Also most of the assemblers include macro facilities for performing textual substitution- for example, to produce common short sequences of instructions to run inline, rather of in a subroutine.
There are 2 types of assemblers based on how many passes through the source are required to generate the executable program. One-pass assemblers once go through the source code and suppose that all symbols will be defined before any instruction that references them. Two-pass assemblers (and multi-pass assemblers) first create a table with all unresolved symbols in the first pass and then use the 2nd pass to resolve these addresses. The benefit in one-pass assemblers is speed, which is not so much important as it once was with advances in computer speed and capabilities. The benefit of the two-pass assembler is that symbols may be defined anywhere in the program source. As a result, the program may be defined in a more logical and meaningful way. it makes two-pass assembler programs simpler to read and maintain.
Sophisticated high-level assemblers give language abstractions such as:
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Method : The master from which the copies will be taken is first prepared from a special non-absorbent glazed sheet of paper and special carbon paper which acts as the reproducing
what is meant by private copy constructor
Q. How the Characters used in operand data type? A common form of data is character or text strings. Characters are signified in numeric form mostly in ASCII (American Standard
Discuss the classifications of switching systems. The categorizations of switching systems are specified in the block diagram given below:
Find the Regular Grammar for the following Regular Expression: a(a+b)*(ab*+ba*)b.
Program: A good illustration of code conversion: Write a program to convert a; 4-digit BCD number into its binary equivalent. BCD number is stored as a; word in memory location kno
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