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Aggregate AssignmentThe %ROWTYPE declaration cannot include an initialization clause. Though, there are two ways to assign values to all fields in a record at once. At First, the PL/SQL allows the aggregate assignment between the whole records if their declarations refer to the similar table or cursor. For illustration, the assignment below is legal:DECLAREdept_rec1 dept%ROWTYPE;dept_rec2 dept%ROWTYPE;CURSOR c1 IS SELECT deptno, dname, loc FROM dept;dept_rec3 c1%ROWTYPE;BEGIN...dept_rec1 := dept_rec2;However, because dept_rec2 is based on a table and dept_rec3 is based on acursor, the following assignment is illegal:dept_rec2 := dept_rec3; -- illegalSecondly, you can assign a list of column values to a record by using the SELECT or FETCH statement, as the illustration below shows. The column names should appear in the order in which they are defined by the CREATE TABLE or CREATE VIEW statement.DECLAREdept_rec dept%ROWTYPE;...BEGINSELECT deptno, dname, loc INTO dept_rec FROM deptWHERE deptno = 30;
NULL Statement The NULL statement clearly specifies in action; it does nothing other than to pass control to the next statement. It can, though, improve the readability. In a
Declaring and Initializing Objects: An object type is once defined and installed in the schema; you can use it to declare the objects in any PL/SQL, subprogram, block or packa
IS NULL Operator The IS NULL operator returns the Boolean value TRUE whenever its operand is null or FALSE if it is not null. The comparisons including the nulls always yield NU
Transaction Control The Oracle is transaction oriented; that is, Oracle uses the transactions to make sure the data integrity. The transaction is a sequence of SQL data manip
Overloading The PL/SQL overloads the subprogram names. That is, you can use similar name for few different subprograms as long as their formal parameters differ in the number
Mutual Recursion The Subprograms are mutually recursive if they directly or indirectly call each other. In the illustration below, the Boolean functions odd & even, that dete
Initializing Objects: Till you initialize an object by calling the constructor for its object type, the object is automatically null. That is, the object itself is null, not me
Constants and Variables: You can declare the constants and variables in the declarative section of any PL/SQL subprogram, block, or package. The Declarations allot the stor
Recursion versus Iteration Dissimilar the iteration, recursion is not crucial to PL/SQL programming. Any problem which can be solved using recursion can be solving using the it
Projection and Existential Quantification - SQL Intuitively it might seem that projection in SQL is simply a matter of specifying the required columns in the SELECT clause, a
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