Estimate the temperature of the stars

Assignment Help Science
Reference no: EM131126783

Spectral Classification Lab

Step 1:  Below is a table of stars with their luminosities.  Use the information derived from analyzing the stars' spectra listed below the table to estimate the temperature of the stars and fill in the appropriate column in the table.  

Star Name

Surface Temperature (K)

Spectral Type

Color

Luminosity (Lsun)

Parallax (arcsec)

Distance (parsecs)

Rigel

 

 

 

100,000

0.0042

 

Betelgeuse

 

 

 

90,000

0.0077

 

Vega

 

 

 

60

0.13

 

Sun

 

 

 

1

---------

-----------

Arcturus

 

 

 

170

0.088

 

Procyon A

 

 

 

7.4

0.29

 

Information derived from spectra:

Rigel:  From the hydrogen lines the temperature is either 12,000K or 6000K.  Helium lines are present, so the temperature must be higher than 10,500K.

Betelgeuse:  From the calcium lines the temperature is either 6000K or 3500K.  TiO lines are present so the temperature must be 3500K or cooler.

Vega:  There are no calcium lines, so the temperature must be greater than 9500K.  There are no helium lines so the temperature must be less than 10,500K.

Sun:  From the hydrogen lines the temperature is either 15,000K or 6000K.  From the calcium lines the temperature is either 6000K or 3000K.

Arcturus:  From the hydrogen lines the temperature is either 30,000K or 4500K.  From the calcium lines the temperature is either 5500K or 4500K.

Procyon A:  From the hydrogen lines the temperature is either 14000K or 7000K.  From the calcium lines the temperature is either 7000K or 1000K.

Step 2:  Use the table below and the surface temperatures you just determined to fill in the spectral type and color of each star in the table on the first page.

Spectral Type

Surface Temperature (K)

Color

O

40,000

Blue

B

12,000

Blue - white

A

10,000

white

F

7000

creamy

G

6000

yellow

K

4500

orange

M

3500

red

Step 3:  Several stars, including the stars in the table on the first page, are plotted on the H-R diagram below, but they aren't labeled (except for the sun).  Label the stars in the table from page 1 (except the sun) on the diagram.

1076_Figure.png

Step 4:  Is each of the stars below a supergiant, giant or main sequence star?

Rigel -                                                     Sun -

Betelgeuse -                                            Arcturus -

Vega -                                                    Procyon A -

Step 5:

L = R2T4

Where L is luminosity, R is radius, and T is temperature.

What does this tell you about the radius of Betelgeuse in terms of the radius of our sun?  Look at the luminosity and temperature for Betelgeuse and the sun in the table on the first page and the H-R diagram to help you.  A qualitative answer is sufficient, but if you want to do the calculations, for T use a temperature in terms of solar temperatures.  For example the sun's temperature is 1 solar temperature and a star with a temperature of only about half that of the sun would have a temperature of ½ solar temperatures.

The companion to Procyon A, Procyon B, is a white dwarf that has a temperature of about 8000 K. Yet its luminosity is less than 1/1000 that of the sun.  What does this tell you about the radius of Procyon B in terms of the sun?  A qualitative answer is sufficient. 

Step 6:  From the parallax listed in the table on page 1, determine the distance to each of the stars, except the sun, and enter it in the table.  Remember:

distance in parsecs = 1/parallax in arcsecs

Step 7:  Look up all the stars in table (except the sun) on the internet to determine if they are part of a binary or triple system.  List the stars that are below:

From this do you conclude that multiple star systems are rare or common?  By rare I mean are 10% or less of stars in multiple star systems.

Step 8:  The little numbers by the stars on the H-R diagram are the masses of the stars in Solar Masses.  For each star, record its mass in Solar Masses below. 

Star                                       Mass

Rigel

Betelgeuse

Vega

Sun

Arcturus

Procyon A

Stars with masses of 5 solar masses or more will supernovae.  Which of these stars will eventually supernova?

Which will supernovae first?  (Hint:  Which star is farthest from the main sequence, i.e. most evolved?)

Look at the distance you calculated to that star.  When it becomes a supernova, how noticeable do you think it will be for us?  Keep in mind that supernova are sometimes as bright as a galaxy and that all of these stars are already some of the brightest stars in the sky.

Reference no: EM131126783

Questions Cloud

Chemicals that minimize changes to ph in a solution : Chemicals that minimize changes to pH in a solution.- At pKa you have maximum resistance to pH change. Buffering zone usually +/- 1 pH unit.
Determine the angle between the refracted blue and red rays : Determine the angle between the refracted blue and red rays in the crown glass.
What is the general rule of thumb associated is ratio : What is the general rule of thumb associated is ratio and how do you know if a ratio is improving or deteriorating?
Discuss how theories play role in health promotion practice : Discuss how theories play a role in health promotion practice. Include information about how the challenges associated with health promotion practice can potentially be solved through the study of theory.
Estimate the temperature of the stars : Below is a table of stars with their luminosities.  Use the information derived from analyzing the stars' spectra listed below the table to estimate the temperature of the stars and fill in the appropriate column in the table-
Present financial information in accepted formats for public : Subject Specific Learning Outcomes:1.Present financial information in accepted formats for publication2.Interpret financial statements
Non essential is synthesized in body : Essential - for metabolism, health and growth, but cannot synthesize in body.- Non-Essential - is synthesized in body so not required in diet.
What is the client philosophical stand about his addiction : What is the history of the addiction? Remember, there are many types of addiction, and not all were defined around that time. For example, video game addiction was not officially defined until 1995, while alcohol addiction was defined in 1941. Dif..
In understanding motivation by applying : Your job right now is to finish reading this chapter. How strongly would you be motivated to do that if you were sweating in a room at 105 degrees Fahrenheit? Imagine your roommate has turned on the air-conditioning. Once you are more comfortable,..

Reviews

Write a Review

Science Questions & Answers

  Journal of pharmaceutical sciences

This journal is a scientific publication of Indian Pharmaceutical Association and highlights various bright points of it.

  Optical fibres

This document discuss about the main attributes and characteristics of optical fibres.

  Micro organisms

This project report reveals the fact and proves a specific objective mentioned to be studied upon.

  Describing histology of an organ

The discussion of the technique should include a literature review on the evolution of the technique.

  Interpret the sensitivity of mammography

Calculate and interpret the sensitivity of mammography. Diagnostic test with Sensitivity 50%, Specificity 50% and prevalence 50%. Crude mortality rate. Damage caused by motor vehicle accidents.

  Discuss the role that science plays in your daily life

Role that science plays in your daily life and Integrity, Intensity, Innovation, and involvement in scientific field

  Prepare a flexible budget gator divers

Prepare a Flexible Budget Gator Divers is a company that provides diving services such as underwater ship repairs to clients in the Tampa Bay area.

  Neurological disorders

Designing a neuroprosthesis for the neurological disorders

  Complexity of cell surfaces

Lipid rafts provide another example of the complexity of cell surfaces in both their structural character and biologic functionality. Please explain the nature of these structures and their functionality.

  Exploratory activity on bird beaks

Describe how natural selection and evolution are demonstrated by this activity

  Spatial and temporal variation of heat content in the upper

In this study the temporal and spatial variation of heat content in the upper 70m layer of the Arabian Sea was for a period of 1991 to 2008 have been attempted.

  Earthquake databases

Earthquake Databases

Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd