Methods of Purification

Purification of substances are very important techniques in Chemistry theory. Some of the common purification methods and separation methods are explained below.

Decantation

Decantation is a quick method for separating a mixture of a liquid & a heavier solid.

Centrifugation

Centrifugation is mainly used to separate suspension.

Filtration

Filtration is a process that is especially efficient for separating suspensions, for instance mud in water.

Evaporation

We cannot be able to separate the mixture that is a solution using filtration or centrifugation. As it is spread all over the solvent in tiny particles. The solution is heated such that the solvent evaporates, and leave the solid behind.

Separating funnel

A separating funnel is used to separate two immiscible liquids. 

Simple distillation

This method may be used to separate a solution & collect the solute and the solvent both.

Fractional distillation

This is used to separate the mixture of two miscible liquids, for instance to separate a mixture of ethanol and water, by using the difference in their boiling points.

Chromatography

This technique of separating two or more colors from a mixture of colors is known as chromatography.

Sublimation

Methods of purification

Few substances such as naphthalene, iodine, ammonium salts can sublimate. Sublimation can be used if any substance is contaminated or spoiled by any of the sublimates.