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WRITE SHORT NOTES ON INDEX STRUCTURE OF FILES?
There are two basic parts of indices
1. Ordered indices
2. Hash indices
Every technique must be evaluated on the basis of these factors:
Ø Ordered indices
Ø Primary index
Ø Dense and sparse indices
Ø Multilevel index
Ø Index update
Ø Secondary indices
B+-Tree index files
B+-Tree index structure is the most widely used of various index structures that maintain their efficiency despite insertion and deletion of data.
Ø Structure of B+-Tree
Ø Queries on B+-Tree
Ø Update on B+-Tree
Ø B+-Tree file organization
Ø B-Tree index files
Saving Derived Attributes to Avoid Re-computation As discussed, "redundancy means duplication of exact data". But, if multiple copies of same data are present in the system,
4. Describe three ways to handle missing field values
Example -GRANT CREATE SESSION TO MCA12; (This command gives system level permission on creating a session - not portable) GRANT SELECT ON EMP TO MCA12; (Object level permi
Structure Of Distributed Database: A distributed database system haves of a collection of sites, each of which keeps a local databases system. Every site is able to process local
Q. Explain the terms key constraints participation constraints and mapping caradinalities in ER model. Participation Constraints : The participation of an entity set E i
Explain the ACID properties of a transaction Ans: ACID properties are a significant concept for databases. The ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability
Compare the two log-based recovery schemes in terms of ease of implementation and overhead cost. Ans: There are two types of log based recovery techniques: deferred update
explain equi-join using illustration
Log based recovery: Let us first describe the term transaction log in the context of DBMS. A transaction log is a record in DBMS that remains track of all the transactions of a dat
Differentiate between Primary and secondary storage? Primary and secondary storage - Primary storage device stores the data temporarily. Primary storage is commonly used thro
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