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Wrapping and unwrapping in SQL
Operators WRAP and UNWRAP in connection with attributes whose declared types are tuple types. Example shows how extension and projection can be used to replace a given set of attribute values in each tuple of a given relation by a single tuple consisting of those values; the next example then illustrates the use of WRAP as a convenient shorthand for the same purpose (on the admittedly rare occasions on which it is likely to arise in practice).
Define basic operators of relational algebra with an example each
Error Handling The PL/SQL makes it easy to detect and process the predefined and user-defined error conditions known as exceptions. Whenever an error occurs, an exception is ra
%FOUND Until the SQL data manipulation statement is executed, the %FOUND yields NULL. Afterward, the %FOUND yields TRUE, when an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement affected o
Advantages of Exceptions Using the exceptions for the error handling has many benefits. Without an exception handling, every time you issue a command, you should ensure for th
heap sort program in pl/sql
Fetching with a Cursor The FETCH statements retrieve the rows in the result set one at a time. After each and every fetch, the cursor advance to the next row in the result set
Example of Foreign Key Constraint Example: Alternative formulation for 6.3 as a foreign key constraint ALTER TABLE EXAM_MARK ADD CONSTRAINT Must_be_enrolled_to_take_exam
Declaring Records Whenever you define a RECORD type, you may declare records of that type, as the illustration shows: DECLARE TYPE StockItem IS RECORD ( item_no INTEG
Using Cursor Attributes: Every cursor has 4 attributes: %NOTFOUND, %FOUND, %ISOPEN, and %ROWCOUNT. If appended to the cursor name, they return the helpful information about
Truth Tables: However in propositional logic - here we are restricted to expressing sentences and where the propositions are true or false - so we can check where a particular
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