Sam is a 42 years old man who was brought into the mental health unit by the police under section 22, after he physically threatened to hit his sir at work for firing him.  For the last various months, Sam has been showing up late for work, unable to do his allocated duties, has been involved in verbal altercations with his workmates and was observed to sneak in alcohol & drink it at lunch time.  His boss warned him to seek help for his problems otherwise he will lose his job, though, Sam always denied having a drinking problem and eventually was fired from work.   On admission, Sam was irritable, argumentative, with slurred speech, poor judgement and his breath smelled of alcohol.   Sam admits to consuming 3-4 drinks of alcohol every night when he comes back from his work.  He states "it relaxes me and makes me feel good".    He has been drinking heavily for the last 3 weeks, almost half a bottle of whisky every night after his wife and children left him.   In the past, his wife threatened to take the children and leave him if he did not stop drinking, but she did not leave because she felt obliged to keep the family together.  However, two weeks ago, she could not cope anymore and decided to leave. She was scared for the safety of herself and children due to Sam's increased incidence of anger outbursts and physical threats. 

Using the above scenario, please address the following:

1.    Which DSM-IV TR criteria are indicative of Sam having a substance abuse disorder?

2.    Investigate the epidemiology of substance abuse disorder in Australia. You require to investigate the incidences/prevalence, possible causes, hospitalisation rates & burden of disease of substance abuse disorder.

3.    Situatethe possible causes and psychodynamics behind the development of Sam’s disorder.

4.    Sam is experiencing multiple mental health issues.  In point form, identify three major problems or potential risks