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WHERE and HAVING clause in SQL ?
The WHERE clause is commonly used for implementing conditions on each tuple of the relation. The HAVING clause is used in combination along with the GROUP BY clause. It can be used in a SELECT statement to filter groups of the records which a GROUP BY returns. The syntax for the HAVING clause is: SELECT column1, column2, ... column_n, aggregate_function (expression)FROM tablesWHERE predicatesGROUP BY column1, column2, ... column_nHAVING condition1 ... condition_n; Aggregate_function can be a function such as SUM, COUNT, MIN, or MAX.WHERE and HAVING clause in SQL.
What is known as a search key? An attribute or set of attributes used to look up records in a file is known as a search key.
why three level architecture had been developed/
Construct an ER diagram for a hospital along with a set of patients and a set of medical doctors Associate with every patient a log of the several tests and examinations conducted.
Atomicity : Either all functions are laid out or none are. Users could not have to think about the effect of incomplete operations. DBMS ensures this by undoing the functions
The primary key is selected from the
Why older data models are being replaced by new data modelling 100 words accepted#
One-way Associations If an association is only traversed in single direction, then it is known as one-way association. It is implemented as a pointer or an attribute which con
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Suppose R is a relation with attributes A1, A2,..., An. As a function of n, tell how many superkeys R has, if: 1.1 The only key is A1. 1.2 The only key is A1 and A2. 1.3 The o
What types of adjustments are required to increase chances of inheritance. a) Some attributes can be added or ignored in the base class operation b) Some changes can be
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