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Friend Functions
One of the major features of OOP is information hiding. A class encapsulates data and methods to operate on that data in a single unit. The data from the class can be accessed only by member functions of the class. This restricted access not only hides the execution details of the methods and the data structure, it also saves the data from any possible misuse, accidental or otherwise. Though, the concept of data encapsulation sometimes takes information hiding too far. There are situations where a rigid and controlled access leads to inconvenience and hardships.
For example, consider a case where a function is needed to operate on object of two different classes. This function cannot be made a member of both the classes. What can be done is that a function can be explained outside both the classes and made to operate on both. That is, a function not belonging to either, but able to access both. Such a function is known as a friend function. In other words, a friend function is a non-member function, which has access to a class's private members. It is like allowing access to one's personal belongings to a friend.
When declaring a variable of data type pointer, use the * in front of the variable name. These variables hold a memory location (like B45CDF), not an actual value like 30 or A:
Define the Bitwise-Exclusive-OR Operator: ^: The bitwise-exclusive-OR operator (^) compares every bit of its first operand to the corresponding bit of its second operand. If on
Project Description: Prepare software that will work with our USB hardware that easily lets you backup all the pictures in your computer into the USB stick in one single step. Once
A: No. There is nothing you can do in C++ which you cannot do in C. In spite of everything
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Write a program of constructors and destructors Make a class drugs having encapsulated data for medicine name, whether solid or liquid, price and purpose of use. From this clas
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There are formal ways of reducing Boolean expressions in order to minimize the logic circuit. The two elementary ways of minimization are using Boolean expressions/De Morgan Theore
write a function rise to the power to find the exponent of a number whether function is called
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