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What is data model? Explain object based and record based data models?
Ans: A data model is an abstract model in which describes how data is represented and accessed.
(i) Object based data models: Same to a relational database model, but objects, classes and inheritance are directly supported within database schemas and in the query language
(ii) Record based data models: is a database model based on first-order predicate logic. Its core idea is to elaborate a database as a collection of predicates over a finite set of predicate variables, describing constraints on the possible values and combinations of values.
Given the following set of functional dependencies {cf?bg, g?d, cdg?f, b?de, d?c} defined on R(b,c,d,e,f,g) a.Find a non-redundant cover. b.Find a canonical cover.
To eliminate duplicate rows (distinct operator) Example: SELECT DISTINCT DEPTNO FROM EMP;
non numeric literals
SELECT Statement This statement is used for retrieving information from the databases. It can be coupled with many clauses. Let us talk about these clauses in more detail:
What is data definition language? Explain it in detail? The SQL DDL allows specification of not only a set of relations, but also information after each relation, containing
project on dbms
Question: Data Mining is the process of extracting knowledge hidden from large volumes of raw data. (a) Using a suitable example, illustrate how Data Mining can be useful t
Explain algorithm of ER To Relational Mapping ? ER-to-Relational Mapping Algorithm: 1) Step 1: Mapping of regular entity types: For each strong entity type E, form a relatio
Question: a) Discuss the concept of data independence, explaining its importance in a database environment. b) To address the issue of data independence, the ANSI-SPARC t
What is first normal form? The domain of attribute must contain only atomic (simple, indivisible) values.
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