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What is data model? Explain object based and record based data models?
Ans: A data model is an abstract model in which describes how data is represented and accessed.
(i) Object based data models: Same to a relational database model, but objects, classes and inheritance are directly supported within database schemas and in the query language
(ii) Record based data models: is a database model based on first-order predicate logic. Its core idea is to elaborate a database as a collection of predicates over a finite set of predicate variables, describing constraints on the possible values and combinations of values.
Explain the Cascadeless Schedule A cascadeless schedule is one in which for every pair of transactions Ti and Tj like that Tj reads a data item before written by Ti, the commit
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What is meant by Physical blocks? The input and output operations are completed in block units. The blocks residing on the disk are referred to as physical blocks.
Give an example of operations from the State Actions and Activities. For instance, in bank the activity verify account code and verify password
Describe the algorithm for updating indices for a single level index when a record is (i) Inserted (ii) deleted What will be the modification if there are multilevel in
What are the two integrity rules? Ans: The two integrity rules are: Entity Integrity Rule & Referential Integrity Rule. Entity Integrity Rule - If the attribute A of rel
A database will be made to store information about patients in a hospital. On arrival, each patient’s personal details (name, address, and telephone number) are recorded where poss
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What is deadlock? How can it be avoided? How can it be resolved once it occurs? Deadlock happens when two transactions are each waiting on a resource that the other transaction
The First Normal Form (1NF) Let us first describe 1NF: Definition: A relation (table) is in 1NF if 1. There are no duplicate tuples or rows in the relation. 2.
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