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What is data model? Explain object based and record based data models?
Ans: A data model is an abstract model in which describes how data is represented and accessed.
(i) Object based data models: Same to a relational database model, but objects, classes and inheritance are directly supported within database schemas and in the query language
(ii) Record based data models: is a database model based on first-order predicate logic. Its core idea is to elaborate a database as a collection of predicates over a finite set of predicate variables, describing constraints on the possible values and combinations of values.
read-set(T) : Each data items that are read by a transaction T Timestamps : for all transaction T, the start-time and the end time are reserved for all the three phases.
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explain in detail about time stamp orderting/
Problem : AirwaysCentre, an international airline booking company currently uses a relational database system for their operations, which includes the following relations: P
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