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What is Atrial Septal Defect ?
Figure: Anatomical location of Am
Indication for Surgery : The presence of an ASD or PAPVC (Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection) with light ventricular volume overload and a significant left light shunt (Qp/Qs Of < 1.5: 1) is an indication for closure. The optimal age for operation is usually 1 to 2 years. Surgery can be done at very young and very old age. Pulmonary vascular disease which raises pulmonary vascular resistance to >8 units / m2 at rest makes an ASD inoperable. Associated mitral and tricuspid regurgitations are not contra indications for surgery and they might need valve repair.
Generally a very small defect that is less than 5 mm in diameter does not require surgery. However, there is a possibility of paradoxical embolism even in such small defects. If the patient has a history of stroke, closure is advised. Surgical closure is indicated in such cases if device closure is contra indicated or it has failed.
Congenital Aortic Stenosis : The valve may be unicuspid, bicuspid or tricuspid. Rarely it is a dome shaped diaphragm. Uni commissural aortic stenosis produces significant sy
Marine Ecosystems Marine ecosystems cover 70 per cent of the earth's surface and have an average depth of 3.750 m (the greatest known depth being 10,750 metres in the Mariana
Functionality of implant material It should take maximum advantage of available bone and permit the maximum amount of forces to be transmitted through the implant within physio
What is sex-influenced dominance? The Sex-influenced dominance is the phenomenon in which the manifestation of a phenotype of a gene in heterozygosity depends on the sex of the
Lyme disease It is a metazoonoses caused by a spirochaete, Borrelia burgdorferi. The disease based on the specific symptoms, is also known as erythema migrans (ECM) or lyme arthr
An impermeable membrane separates one liter of a 1M KCl solution in the left compartment from one liter of 1M NaCl solution in the right compartment. At 2 AM today the membrane be
How does biogeography contribute to an understanding of evolution? In biogeography studies, same animals that seem to be closely related are adapted to dissimilar environments
Thus animals store surplus carbohydrate as glycogen; plants do so in form of starch. Starch is producing in the stroma of chloroplasts and stored there as starch grains. The Starch
Pseudopodia – Protozoans Pseudopodia are flowing cytoplasmic protrusions of the cell causing amoeboid movement. In protozoans pseudopodia exist in several forms. The most fami
Halophytes are plants that live in moist soils with high salt concentrations. Despite being surrounded my water, halophytes are often referred to as "salty desert" plants. Explain
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