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What is Atomic Models?The concept of atoms was first suggested by the ancient Greeks. The atom was supposed to be the smallest piece of matter. Then J. J. Thompson discovered the electron, and the atom was found to be made of several smaller pieces. Ernest Rutherford conducted an experiment in which he shot alpha particles at thin gold foil. Based on his observations, he constructed a model of an atom that was mostly empty space. Practically all of the atom's mass is concentrated in a very small central nucleus, which is positively charged because of its protons; the nucleus is surrounded by an equal number of negatively charged electrons that are relatively far away. In 1913, Niels Bohr postulated that the hydrogen atom had one proton with one electron, which could only occupy definite allowed orbits. The most stable orbit is the one closest to the nucleus, and the atom is in the ground state when the electron occupies this most stable orbit. Only certain amounts of energy can be absorbed and used in order to have the electron jump to a higher energy orbit. When the electron returns to the lowest orbit, the atom can only give off a photon of energy equal to the change in energy of the electron. Only orbits where mvr = nh/2Π for the electron are possible. The principal quantum number, n, can be 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. The diagram shows the energy levels of hydrogen.
Figure shows the transfer characteristic for an n-p-n silicon transistor.When the base current is 2.5mA, Verify (a) the value of collector current, (b) the static value of
Energy Transformation for a Dart In that case of the dart being launched from the spring gun and the just forces doing work upon the dart are internal forces. Initially, the da
Q The refractive index of a medium is √3. Compute the angle of refraction if the un-polarised light is incident on it at the polarizing angle of the medium. μ = tan i p = √3
In certain ranges of a piano keyboard, more than one string is tuned to the same note to provide extra loudness. For example, the note at 110 Hz has two strings at this frequency.
For a very every case the moment of inertia of a one particle about an axis is given by, I = mr 2 Here, m is the mass of the particle and r its distance from the axis under
In the equal distance method of a deflection magnetometer, the deflections produced by two bar magnets are 30 o and 60 o . Determine the ratio of their magnetic moments?
Coupled Harmonic Oscillators Two easy pendulums connected through a spring. The mass of one of the pendulums may be varied. Within mathematical rounding errors, the resolution
Earth is losoing heat in order balance the input outpout . But where is going that heat since there is nothing out to get it. Billions of stars are loosing heat the same way and so
Determine voltage gain for the circuit shown in figure below, with R F = 100K ? and R 1 =10 K? Ans. Determination of voltage gain: The provided operational
(a) Explain the terms: 'magnetic field strength', 'magnetic flux density' and 'permeability' of a magnetic material. Write their SI units. A current carrying conductor is placed
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