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What is a Database?
To know what database is, we have to start from data, which is the basic building block of any DBMS.
Data: Facts, figures, statistics etc. having no particular meaning (e.g. 1, ABC, 19 etc).
Record: Collection of related data items, e.g. in the above instance the three data items had no meaning. But if we organize them in the following way, then they collectively show meaningful information.
What is completeness constraint on generalization? Define the variation between total and partial design constraint. Give an example each. Ans: Completeness Constraints
File Manager File manager handles the allocation of space on disk storage. It starts and maintains the list of structures and indices described in the internal schema that is
If R1 and R2 are two relations or functions, then the result of R3 = R1 × R2 is the combination of tuples that are in R1 and R2. The product is associative and commutative. Degr
Using Column aliases Example: To print column names as NAME and ANNUAL SALARY SELECT ENAME "NAME", SAL*12 "ANNUAL SALARY" FROM EMP;
Rules Of Data Normalisation Let us now summarise Normalisation with the help of various clean rules. The following are the necessary rules for the Normalisation process: 1.
Explain the three data models namely relational, network and hierarchical and evaluate their relative advantages and disadvantages. Hierarchical Model: In hierarchical model, da
What are ways of finding out either an update is required or not for derived attributes? The ways to find out an update is required or, not are as: Explicit update
Do you have experts of the dbms
Accessing information about permissions to all users- Object level permissions: With the use of data dictionary you can see the permissions to user. Let us get the table name fro
Mention the several levels in security measures. A) Database system B) Operating system C) Network D) Physical Human
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